The interim presidency of Harry B. Crewson: September 1, 1974 to August 31, 1975

              i 
The Interim Presidency of
Harry B. Crewson
September 1, 1974 to August 31, 1975   ii
ii i
The Interim Presidency of
Harry B. Crewson
September 1, 1974 to August 31, 1975
by Robert E. Mahn
The Ohio University Libraries
Athens, Ohio   iv
v 
Copyright 2006 by the Ohio University Libraries
Printed in the United States of America
All rights reserved   vi
Contents 
Dedication
Preface, 1989
Addendum to Preface, 1999
Chapter 1. Selection 1
Chapter 2. The Program of Transition 16
Chapter 3. Dr. and Mrs. Crewson 18
Chapter 4. Election 23
Chapter 5. Induction 25
Chapter 6. Agenda 27
Chapter 7. The Board of Trustees 62
Chapter 8. Administration 76
8a. The Senior Administrators Group 76
8b. The Deans Group 76
8c. The Academic Services Directors Group 77
Chapter 9. Implementation of the Agenda 81
9a. Budget 83
9b. Recruitment 149
9c. Coordinator of Special Programs 152
9d. Freshman Residential Program 154
9e. Dormitory Study 182
9f. Student Government 186
9g. The Post 191
9h. Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action 209
9i. The Marching Band 214
9j. Women's Intercollegiate Athletics 220
9k. Representative to the Mid- American Conference and 222
Delegate to the National Collegiate Athletic Association
9l. Proposals of Concerned Black Students 226
9m. Ohio Public Interest Research Group 243
9n. Student Workers' Union 247
9o. " Lettuce and Grapes" 253
9p. Faculty Collective Bargaining 278
9q. Faculty Leaves 304
9r. Distribution of Overhead 306 vi i
9s. Regional Higher Education 308
9t. The College of Osteopathic Medicine 314
9u. The School of Nursing 326
9v. The Institute for Mathematics and Medicine 328
9w. Capital Funds Campaign Plans 330
Chapter 10. Miscellany: Additional Matters 331
Closed Circuit Instructional Television
Policy on Graduate Study for Staff
Policy on Emeritus Awards for Administrators
Outstanding Administrator Award
General Review of Policies
Consideration of Change in Calendar from Quarter to Early Semester
Athens Community Relations Commission Report of May, 1974, Disturbances
Relocation Assistance to Terminated Faculty
Special Consideration for Vietnamese Veterans, Students, and Refugees
Continuing Programs of Distinction
Forensics Program
Green Parks Projects
Celebration of Our Country's 200th Birthday, Designation as a
Bicentennial School
Mathematical Association of America's Competition
Agreement with Malaysia’s Mara Institute of Technology
Communication Week
Dedications, Razings, Honorary Degrees, Parties
Public Relations Activities of President and Mrs. Crewson
Chapter 11. Election to the Presidency of Charles J. Ping 340
Chapter 12. A Summing Up 344   viii
Dedicated To 
My wife Anabel and son Robert Jr., who urged me to undertake this project and followed its progress, but regrettably did not live to see its publication.
My daughter Elizabeth Mahn Nollen – professor, lecturer, and author, whose encouragement was an important factor in the completion of this project.
My wife Jean, who since coming to Athens in 1993 has established herself as a friend and benefactor of “ my university” and whose enthusiasm about this project facilitated the publication decision.
Harry B. Crewson, who had endorsed the project, and whose December 1988 submission of the “ kinds of things which many may not have a written record” reassured me of the success of the project, since I was familiar with these “ things” and had incorporated them in the manuscript.
Charles J. Ping, who arranged for this project to be part of my post- retirement assignment as special Assistant to the President and Board of Trustees.
Alan Geiger, who succeeded me as Assistant to the President and Secretary to the Board of Trustees, and who set in motion the publication procedure.
The people who comprise The Ohio University – trustees, presidents ( seven of whom I was privileged to serve), faculty, staff, and students – who during my tenure, which commenced on January 1, 1938, contributed to its advancement from a 3,000 student/ 125 faculty undergraduate, teacher- training, pre- professional school to an internationally recognized and substantially endowed University, and provided a wonderful life for me and members of my family.
REM   ix
 
  x
Preface 
This is the story of the interim presidency of Harry B. Crewson. Much of it is told by the President himself through excerpts from notes, correspondence, and reports pertaining to University matters that his administrative Assistant, Marie P. White, filed and preserved.
The author had the good fortune of serving as Assistant to the President and Secretary to the Board of Trustees during Dr. Crewson's year in office. Materials assembled by him and organized for retention by his Secretary, Erma V. Dean, served as valuable supplements to the Crewson files, as did university publications, and the papers of administrators, committees, senates, and other University organizations, all of which are part of the Ohio University Archives. Use of textual references to sources of information and dates made unnecessary the use of footnotes.
The Author's experiences and memories of the 1974- 75 year, and years preceding and following it, provided an insight into the challenge Dr. Crewson faced in administering the University for the unspecified period of " time intervening" between two presidencies, with the influence of the actions of his predecessor being a force throughout his term, and the influence of the advice and actions of his successor being a force during the last four months of his term. It is his hope that he has shown the extent to which President Crewson was able to merge and supplement these many influences and thus contribute to the sought- after return to stability for the University.
R. E. M.,  1989 x i
Addendum to the 1989 Preface 
Factors contributing to the delay in publication of this manuscript were the author’s four- year residency in Canada following its completion, and President Charles J. Ping’s appropriately full attention to the successful implementation of his and the Board of Trustees’ extensive agenda. The delay benefits today’s readers. Being able to view the troubled University of the late 1960' s and early 1970s from the vantage point of the new biennium provides a far richer experience than the view from an earlier period could have provided.
1999   1 
Chapter 1 
Selection
President Claude R. Sowle reported his decision to resign to Chairman William R. Morris of the Board of Trustees on May 19, 1974. A meeting of the Board was scheduled for May 20. The President's resignation was to be effective at the close of his term on June 30. He stated, " The mindless and destructive events of the past week have convinced me that I should no longer ask myself and my family to serve the University under such insane conditions."
The last episode in the " insane conditions" started in the early morning hours of Saturday, May 11, soon after the downtown bars closed and students and visitors to the weekend Music Festival took to the streets and provoked a serious confrontation with police. This was repeated in the early morning hours of Sunday. On Tuesday, May 14, when leaving a meeting in Baker Center, the President was confronted on the front steps by a group of black students protesting a variety of things, including a lack of minority programs at the University. Following verbal indignities, the President returned to Baker Center, and later resumed discussion in the Ballroom. In leaving this meeting the President suffered verbal and physical indignities. At another meeting on the fifteenth in Cutler Hall, he was presented with a half dozen demands. This was followed on the sixteenth with the presentation by the " Coalition" of fifty- one demands, including one for his resignation. They included the demands made by the black students on the fifteenth ( A 10 through 15). The Post published the demands in large print on May 17th:
The administration of Ohio University has consistently failed to meet the needs and interests of the students and university community. The stands taken by the administration are counterproductive to creating an atmosphere where the entire university community can grow and learn together. Therefore, a coalition of students and student organizations has been founded united in support of the following demands.
A. Student Demands
1. Referendum for campus- wide vote on university issues ( binding on the administration) when 2% of the student body deems it necessary
2. Demand that there be 51% of the student body deciding University policies with all students being allowed to vote at sufficient polling locations
3. Call for referendum on freshman dorms.
4. Call for referendum on women's visitation hours.
5. Call for referendum on 90 hour rule.
6. Demand for immediate compliance with S. W. U.
7. Demand for elected student representatives ( representative of the entire university) with vote on all Curriculum Committees, Tenure Committees, Budget Committees, Faculty Senate.
8. Demand that students confirm their University President by vote.   2
9. Demand expansion S. G. B. to give them better representation and actual vote on university policies. Give S. G. B. the machinery to conduct referendums on issues concerning students.
10. Recommend and strongly urge to V. P. Culbert that the budget of the Center for Afro- American Studies be increased in light of inflation, rising expenses, increased black student enrollment, and its heavy utilization by white students.
11. Increase black representation on all university committees for students, faculty, staff, and administration.
12 Make the university's cultural outlook more cosmopolitan. Set a guaranteed minimal percentage of programming by each activity's area to spotlight the cultures of black, minority, and international students. A suggested percentage is 50 percent. These activities can and do entertain, educate, and benefit all students.
13. reate the post of Vice- President for Minority Affairs. The person holding the post should be approved by the Center for Afro- American Studies, the Black Caucus, and black students.
14. Endorse the efforts of the Center for Afro- American Studies to have its courses fulfill area requirements in academic areas.
15 Designate a facility, such as Howard Hall, to be used for special events, social functions, and recreation by black students. Difficulty in obtaining access to existing facilities and a lack of funds make this necessary.
16 We demand that during disturbances in Athens the Police not be allowed on property surrounding the dormitories and that charges be filed by the University against the Athens Police Department for assault and battery and destruction of private property.
17. We demand that the University does not deface, change or remove any part of the College Green whatsoever.
18. We demand that a women's center be established with a full time staff, subject to approval by the women of said establishment.
19. We demand that the twenty dollar hike in Veteran housing be done away with, regardless of the location.
20. We demand a " Veterans Administration" representative and counselor be established on the campus.
21. We demand that the university not keep records pertaining to anything other than health or scholastic statements and that students have access to said records. Any other records must be destroyed immediately.
22. We demand special financial consideration and aid for veterans, with or without the G. I. Bill.
23. We demand that Hudson Health Center be reopened and operating at the previous 24- hour schedule.
24 . We demand a voluntary corp of concerned people be established to mediate and ease tension in time of crisis, such as our Music Festival weekend.
25. We demand that students tried in criminal courts are not to be subject to further university disciplinary action.
26. Students pledging Greek houses should be permitted to live in their house the fall after they pledge— whether or not they have completed 45 hours credit.
B. Demands for Faculty
1. No firing of faculty on the basis of projected enrollment- driven budgets.
2. Actual, meaningful vote by Faculty Senate on matters concerning the faculty.
C. Demands on Administration
1. Demand campus wide referendum on continuation of entire administration.
2. Demand resignation of Sowle.
3. Demand resignation of Penson. 3 
4. Demand resignation of Culbert.
5. Demand resignation of Hynes.
6. Demand resignation of Wilson.
7. Demand resignation of Jewett.
8. Demand resignation of Culp.
9. Demand that the administration cease to abridge our human rights by denying us freedom of speech i. e. end the twelve o'clock to one o'clock rule for speakers on the green.
10. Demand that the university create a program or programs which will provide educational and other services to prisoners incarcerated in the southeast Ohio area.
11. Demand that the university end all complicity with themilitary, in the form of R. O. T. C., defense contracts and military recruiters.
12. Demand that worker positions currently assigned to President Sowle's mansion be reassigned to areas more beneficial to the entire university community as a whole.
13. Demand that the benefits to 1699 families be increased pertaining to tuition, health and life insurance benefits, and any other university services.
14. Demand that the administration reverse its previous stand against the United Farmworkers and remove California table grapes, non- UFW head lettuce from all university facilities, now.
15. Demand that the administration publicize annually, in the Post, a statement of all university financial interests.
D. Demands of the State
1. Immediate reform on funding formula for Higher Education in Ohio.
2. Bail- outs for State universities that are in financial crisis.
3. Decrease in State and Out- of- State tuition fees.
4. More financial aid available to student unable to pay fees.
5. Call for statewide non- partisan student advisory board that is democratically elected with voting privileges.
6. Call for action on educational promises made by Governor Gilligan.
7. Democratically elected Board of Regents.
8. Demand repeal of House Bill 1219.
The groups represented at the first Coalition meeting were TCQE, Concerned Black Students, SWU, Attica Brigade, Young Workers Liberation League, SGB, United Farm Workers, American Veterans Movement, Greek Students, New American Movement, Women's Center, and Students in Support.
* * *
At a brief planning session the evening of May 19, Chairman Morris stated to President Sowle that it was the consensus of the Board to ask him to reconsider resignation. At the formal meeting of the Board on May 20, there was no action to accept or reject the resignation.
Following the May 20 meeting Chairman Morris busied himself with presidential transition matters, which he wished to finalize before the close of his term as Chairman on June 30. On May 30 the President reaffirmed his resignation decision, thus clearing the way for Chairman Morris to invite persons to become candidates for the interim presidency. That evening he extended the invitation to Dr. Crewson by telephone. On the following day he announced the appointment of two committees that would begin the search for the seventeenth president— the Search Committee, and the Presidential Review Committee. Conversations between the President and Mr. Morris on June 10 and 13 resulted in an agreement to appoint Dr. Sowle President for the period July 1 to August 31, an arrangement that would permit more time to effect a satisfactory   4
transition. The arrangement was to be ratified by the Board at its next meeting scheduled for August 21.
On June 10 Dr. Crewson responded by letter to Chairman Morris:
" Thank you very much for your telephone call on the evening of May 30. I am deeply honored and flattered by your suggestion that I submit my name as a candidate for the position of interim president of Ohio University.
In a talk with Taylor Culbert on Friday, May 31, and from our telephone conversation of that evening, I learned that some people raised the question of my political visibility. This is a very real and valid reservation. Anyone who serves in public office is visible and, therefore, controversial. In the interest of Ohio University and in fairness to my reputation, I am compelled to comment on my " visibility" in the Athens area.
It is certainly true that I have received my fair share of criticism from the Athens Messenger, some of it recently. Without going into details of the past, I will only say that I have had the temerity to disagree with Kenner Bush at various times. However, as a recipient of criticism from the Messenger, I am in good company. In my estimation, Bush has been overly critical of Ohio University, local government officials and the Gilligan administration. Unfortunately, the monopoly position of this newspaper is a fact and must be reckoned with in the selection of an interim as well as a permanent president. Perhaps, with Bush on the Search Committee, his attitude towards a new administration will be somewhat muted.
In any case, in an enclosure, I have detailed my activities at Ohio University and within the Athens community. I am proud of my record at the University and equally proud of my efforts to lessen the traditional friction between town and gown.
I have been at Ohio University for 25 years. These years together with previous service in the Teachers Retirement System provide me with the option of considering retirement in the not too distant future. Prior to my termination here, I hope to see a reversal of recent trends.
As you requested, I am enclosing seven copies of material relating to my training, experience and related activities. If you so desire, I would be pleased to provide additional information. I have some comprehension of the difficult and delicate task confronting you and members of the Board and I do not want to compound your problem.
Again, I am truly honored by having my name even mentioned as a candidate for interim president of Ohio University. I will remain extremely grateful for this recognition of my service. Thanks, Bill, and best wishes.”
ENCLOSURE
Home Address University Address
HARRY B. CREWSON, JR. 37 Sunset Drive Department of Economics
Athens, Ohio Copeland Hall M- 208
Tel. 593- 6408 Tel. 594- 5442
Born - March 16, 1913, at Sebring, Ohio
Married - wife, Martha; two children, Karen Randall and John W.
Military Service - Army, July 26, 1943 - November 11, 1945
Education:
College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, B. A. degree, 1935
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, M. A. degree in 1948 and Ph. D. degree in1953, both degrees in the field of Economics. 5 
Experience:
Teacher, High School, Sebring, Ohio, 1935- 38 and 1941- 42.
Instructor, American University at Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, 1938- 40.
Assistant and Lecturer, Department of Economics, Ohio State University, 1946- 49.
Assistant Professor to Professor, Department of Economics, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 1949 - 1979.
Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Spring semester, 1962, on leave of absence from Ohio University.
As a member of the Department of Economics at Ohio University, I have always maintained a full teaching load with a large student enrollment; taught in Summer Sessions and at most of the Branches over the years; served as Chairman of the Department, 1966- 68.
At the University level:
I am a member and was President of the AAUP some years ago;
I was a member and served two years as Chairman of the Faculty Advisory Council, the organization which preceded the Faculty Senate;
I was a founder and first President of the Ohio University Employees Credit Union;
I was a member of the faculty committee in the search for a President for the University in 1961: Gordon Bush was Chairman of the Committee for the Board of Trustees;
I served as Chairman of the Task Force on University Resources, 1969- 70.
Over the years, I have served on numerous University committees.
In addition, I have served on the staff of a number of Summer workshops.
I am still serving as a member of the staff of the one- week Ohio School of Banking which is held on the University campus each summer.
I am the Director of the Institute for Credit Union Personnel which will conduct the 17th one- week workshop here at the University in August.
Public Service:
Elected President of Athens City Council in 1963 and re- elected five times;
Resigned as President of City Council and was appointed County Commissioner in January, 1974;
Member of the Athens Community Improvement Corporation;
Served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Municipal League for seven years;
Unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress from the 10th District, Ohio, in 1968, and for State Representative from the 91st District, in 1972;
Appointed by Governor Gilligan to serve on the State Task Force on Environmental Protection, Chaired by Col. John Glenn, and also to serve on the Ohio Commission for Local Government Services.
Contributions to Improved Relations Between the University and Athens Communities:
In a general way, I believe that my service in an elected position in local government has contributed to better relations between the two communities over the years.
I have been personally responsible for the following:
Informal, monthly luncheon meetings of various officials: University, City Council and City Administration, County, School Board.
Initiation in 1970 of the student ride- along program with City patrolmen.
This program was the forerunner to the more elaborate Cop- In program in 1971 for which I served as an unofficial advisor.
The Annual Athens Trade Festival in the Municipal Parking Garage, started in 1970.
This event brings townspeople and university people together in a friendly and enjoyable environment.   6
The utilization of individual students as well as university classes in various government activities. Classes in government, journalism, architecture, law, recreation have become involved. In addition, in my capacity as a local public official, I have spoken to innumerable classes throughout the campus over the years.
As President of City Council, I worked for the passage of ordinances which would contribute to improved relations between the two communities, i. e., Human Relations Commission, a restrictive sign ordinance, and expanded recreational program, housing regulations, the urban renewal program which released many acres for University development, etc.
In the Fall of 1971, I served as mediator in the strike of non- academic employees, Local No. 1699, AFSCME, against Ohio University.
In late September and early October, 1971, the Mayor of Athens was out of the country and, as President of City Council, I was serving as Acting Mayor. The strike had been on for eight days with some legal maneuvering and occasional violence marking the dispute. The lack of communication between the two sides and the threat of increased violence brought me into the situation on Thursday evening, September 30. At that time, there was reason to believe that the University would be forced to close if the strike continued over the coming weekend. Given my official position, my knowledge of the history of labor unions in the U. S. and my first- name familiarity with the president of Local No. 1699 and University officials, I was successful in getting the two sides back to the discussion table. The strike was called off on Saturday, October 2. ( Incidentally, I received no pubic recognition from the Athens Messenger for my efforts.) It has remained a great personal satisfaction that I played a significant role in preventing the University from closing only days after opening the school year in 1971.
I have been honored with the following awards:
In late 1973, I was given an honorary membership in the local chapter of the Fraternal Order of Police.
In January, 1974, I received an award from the Ohio University Employees Credit Union for 19 years of dedicated service.
In April, 1974, I received a Distinguished Service Award from the Athens Chamber of Commerce " for outstanding service performed on behalf of the Athens Community." I am the first member of the University Faculty to be so honored."
* * *
At the June 17 meeting of the Faculty Senate, Chairman Alan R. Booth made the following report on the " state of the Presidential Selection Committee," as well as selection of an acting president:
. . . The initial membership of this committee . . . was announced almost immediately after the final resignation of President Sowle; it included Booth, as chairman of the Senate, and no other faculty member. Booth, Culbert, and others strongly urged the trustees to add more faculty, and, after some negotiating, two more faculty were added: George Lobdell, who will be the executive secretary for the committee, and Jim Bruning. An organizational meeting of the committee will be held in Columbus on June 24.
. . . The Executive Committee met at length with Trustee Edwin Kennedy to discuss a number of matters, including the procedures for selecting an acting president and a new president. . . Kennedy asked for and received from us a three- page summary of criteria for screening candidates.
The Secretary continued with these statements: 7 
In reply to questions, Booth said that he would prefer not to put the statement of criteria in the minutes since it concerned matters of some sensitivity, but that it was available in the Senate office for any interested senator. The primary criterion, he said, was that the new president be a man of proven academic experience, who sees the academic mission of the university as its first and foremost mission.
As for the acting presidency, Booth reported that the trustees have decided that all vice- presidents should remain in place, and that the search should be instead among deans, faculty members, and persons from outside. They have asked for interviews with Deans Mayer, Peterson, Goldman, and Wilhelm, and Norman Parmer and Harry Crewson. They are also considering some recently retired or retiring presidents and administrators from other institutions, including Novice Fawcett and Richard Meiling. Booth emphasized the fluid and unstructured nature of the trustees' procedure for selecting an acting president, and the difficulty of insuring faculty input into the selection.
In reply to questions from Lindberg, Booth said that Lobdell would be a voting member of the committee, and that the figure of three faculty members on the committee was not the idea of the executive committee, but was the best compromise they were able to obtain.
Grean asked whether the executive committee, or any other faculty, were consulted prior to the formation of the presidential selection committee. Booth answered that the trustees had not consulted the Senate or its executive committee, and that if there was any systematic consultation with faculty, he did not know of it. He reported that he and other members of the executive committee had talked with faculty members to collect names of candidates for acting president, and that the executive committee had discussed these names at length with Kennedy.
Harter asked whether we should set up a formal procedure for faculty to suggest names of presidential candidates to the Senate, for review and possible recommendation to the selection committee. Rollins and others supported this suggestion. At a later point in the meeting, Crowl renewed the suggestion and asked for further discussion. Lindberg suggested that we formulate a resolution expressing our dissatisfaction with the trustees' failure to provide for faculty input into the selection.
Crowl suggested an ad hoc Senate committee to collect and screen faculty suggestions and forward them to the selection committee. Booth agreed to form such a committee.
* * *
With respect to the deans mentioned by Dr. Booth, Richard S. Mayer was Dean of the College of Engineering and Technology, John M. Peterson of the College of Business Administration, Samuel Goldman of the College of Education, and John R. Wilhelm of the College of Communication. J. Norman Parmer was Assistant Dean of Faculties for International Studies. Harry B. Crewson was Professor of Economics.
* * *
With respect to the decision of the trustees that " all vice- presidents should remain in place," it was reported that Executive Vice President and Dean of Faculties, Taylor Culbert, had been asked to consider the appointment, but had declined. Dr. Culbert, by special arrangement, was enjoying summers away from the campus and had no interest in assuming additional responsibilities. Former Ohio State University President, Novice Fawcett also had been asked and had declined because of personal commitments.
Of the original twenty invitees, applicants and nominees, including those mentioned by Dr. Booth, the number according to a Post report, was quickly reduced to three, Dr.   8
Crewson, Dean Samuel Goldman, and Dr. Richard L. Meiling, retiring Vice President for Medical Affairs at Ohio State University. Dr. Meiling was reported to be the front- runner.
The ( Cleveland) Plain Dealer reported possible conflicts of interest, attempted breach of nepotism rules, and failure to disclose public records on the part of Dr. Meiling as the kinds of things that would stir more controversy for the University, which it did not need. There were also reports that negotiations over salary in relation to retirement pay that Dr. Meiling would be able to draw were unsuccessful.
When, at the meeting of the Faculty Senate on June 17, Chairman Booth announced that the trustees had asked for interviews with a number of deans and others, including Dr. Crewson, the interview with Dr. Crewson had already been concluded. It had occurred at the home of Board member Jody Phillips at 1: 30 p. m. that afternoon. Present, in addition to Mrs. Phillips, were all other members— Chairman Morris, Charles E. Holzer, Jr. M. D., Mrs. Dorothy S. Johns, Fred H. Johnson, Edwin L. Kennedy, William L. Kircher, and C. Paul Stocker. Although Mr. Stocker's term had expired on May 13, he continued his services, as he was eligible to do, until his replacement was announced by Governor John J. Gilligan on June 21. On that date the Governor also named a successor to Robert B. McAlister, who had resigned on February 22, 1974, before the close of President Sowle's term, and who had attended no further meetings.
Those appointments were J. Grant Keys and Donald A. Spencer.
Members had in hand the personal information data Dr. Crewson had provided Chairman Morris. Excerpts from Dr. Crewson's long- hand " immediate reactions following the interview" provide insight into the concerns of the trustees and their hopes for solutions to problems:
The following are my immediate reactions following the interview. . .
Morris apologized for shortness of notice, etc., and asked if I would care to make a statement. I did: Explained that I had been at O. U. for 25 years; had seen many changes and was chagrined at recent trends. But was hopeful that the corner could be turned and that we should re- emphasize the purpose of the institution: The exchange of ideas in an academic environment. I had to stress quality rather than quantity and that the faculty should take a leadership role. Needed to re- examine admission policy as well as retention policy. Said that it should be possible for a student to flunk out. Stressed the need for a general policy of fairness but firmness.
Bill Kircher asked if I would elaborate on my reference to faculty leadership. I referred to the statement of one of my students in the Spring Quarter who commended me for being at every class at 8: 10— the point being that too many instructors take a cavalier attitude toward classes and attendance. Also said that faculty should grade fairly but not hesitate to give an " F" grade. I said that a lackadaisical attitude on the part of professors helped to create a bad environment for students. I asked Bill if I had answered his question and he said, " very well".
Fred Johnson asked if I was hopeful that good relations could be maintained between O. U. security and other law enforcement agencies. I referred to my many local contacts, including some at the state level. And that, yes, I was an optimist - and believed that appropriate relations could be maintained.
Paul Stocker asked if I could explain the drop in enrollment. I replied that there are a number of factors: ( 1) demographics, ( 2) cultural, meaning a change in attitude toward college education, including a changing attitude toward technical education. I said this was generally good— there should be more opportunities for different types of students. Said there were some at O. U. that didn't belong there. That after spending my career in higher education, I certainly believed in it, but went on to say that many people ( taxpayers) did not have the same high opinion of higher education as that of those in the field and that the faults rested, in large part, with faculty, students, and administrators of 9 
universities and colleges, and ( 3) some of the fault for declining enrollment was with O. U. policies— play school, etc.
He asked if I could point to any policy or incident that contributed to this decline. I did not want to get into the trap of being negative and critical. I replied that of course everyone has the right to criticize this or that policy, and that it is easy if you are not the person responsible for the decision. But it was my belief that there was no single item, but rather an accumulation over a long period of time. He seemed satisfied with my response.
Fred Johnson asked about pass- fail policy. I said it needed re- examination, that, in general, I was opposed to the general impression that a student could use pass- fail, select mickey courses, etc., and get through a college education. Jody Phillips asked how long I had been at O. U. Answer— exactly 25 years.
Bill Morris referred to our phone call and reference to County Commissioner. I responded that I had given thought to my other obligations and said that I felt the interim- president position would require 24 hours a day and, therefore, I would sever all other obligations.
Bill Morris said they appreciated my willingness to come and talk with them and that they hoped to make their decision as soon as possible, and asked if there were more questions or if I had any other comments.
I thanked them - said I was honored - appreciated their difficult problem - and offered to help in any way that I could.
In general, I thought the interview went very well - friendly throughout - they called me Harry and I used first names - Morris, Fred Johnson, and Bill Kircher. I was not nervous - more nervous now that I write these notes and contemplate the possibilities of the job.
Also, Ed Kennedy asked me to reiterate my comments re: Quality and quantity - i. e., importance of academic emphasis and standards. Also, was asked if the president should be primarily concerned with popularity. I responded that an acting president, who was not a candidate for the permanent position, would be in an excellent position to make needed hard decisions, whether these contributed to his popularity or not. In short, be yourself in all actions, but the goal of popularity should always be subordinate in all decisions."
* * *
On June 20, three days after Dr. Crewson was interviewed by the Board, which was also three days after the just- cited meeting of the Faculty Senate, and a week before his term as Chairman would end. Mr. Morris, following a poll of members of the Board by telephone, announced the selection of Dr. Crewson for the interim presidency. Ratification was scheduled for the meeting of the Board on August 21.
At the July 15 meeting of the Faculty Senate, Chairman Booth reported that " The Executive Committee, immediately following the last Senate meeting, June 17, had an input ( of sorts) into the selection process for the Acting President. Upon determination that there were three candidates under final consideration, at least one of whom was not from the Athens campus, the Executive Committee attempted to obtain a postponement of the Trustees' decision until such time as all candidates had had the chance to meet with the various University constituencies. Although that recommendation was not accepted, other developments ( i. e. newspaper editorials, legal problems connected with various candidacies) delayed and probably influenced the final decision. The Executive Committee did share its views on the merits of the three candidates before the Trustees' final decision."
Following announcement of Dr. Crewson's selection on June 20, President Sowle issued this statement:   10
I congratulate Dr. Crewson on his selection as Acting President. In terms of background, experience and temperament, Dr. Crewson is well qualified for this important new responsibility.
During the months of July and August, I will be working closely with Dr. Crewson to achieve an orderly transition in the leadership of Ohio University.
* * *
Following announcement of his selection to succeed President Sowle, Dr. Crewson granted an interview to City Editor Herb Amey of The Athens Messenger. These are excerpts from his report of June 21:
" An interim president cannot and should not attempt to make drastic changes in institutional policy." Crewson said . . . " However, he can and should make some hard decisions which need to be made in the interim period. I will have the authority and I intend to make such decisions when required."
. . . Crewson has been described by his friends as an innovator, particularly in the areas of employee relations and city- university relations.
During his 10 years as president of Athens City Council, he initiated monthly meetings among city, county and university representatives.
. . . He acted as go- between in starting OU union- management communications that led to an end of the nine- and- a- half- day strike by OU non- academic employees in 1971.
As council president, he was the city’s chief negotiator during contract talks with city employees, police and firemen in 1973.
. . . Mayor Donald Barrett . . . who called Crewson a personal friend, said he has unique capabilities for getting people together."
* * *
The following documents specify the conditions of Dr. Crewson's appointment. Patterned after the documents prepared by Dr. Sowle when he took office, they became a part of the minutes of the August 21 meeting of the Board.
July 29, 1974
Mrs. J. Wallace Phillips
2355 Tremont Road
Columbus, Ohio 43221
Dear Jody:
The enclosed two documents, one addressed to me and the other addressed to Harry Crewson, will make up the formal arrangement between the Board of Trustees and Harry concerning his term as interim president.
The procedure agreed upon is as follows:
1. Harry's letter sets out the guidelines under which Harry will operate as interim president of the University.
2. My letter will act as the approval of the Board of the guidelines and Harry's acceptance of that situation.
I will offer these for minutes at the next Board meeting.
Regards,
William R. Morris
Member
Board of Trustees
Ohio University 11 
* * *
June 25, 1974
Dr. Harry B. Crewson
37 Sunset Drive
Athens, Ohio 45701
Dear Doctor Crewson:
On behalf of the Board of Trustees, I am pleased to offer you the presidency of Ohio University, for the interim from September 1, 1974, until the " Search" Committee's efforts result in this Board's election of a permanent president.
I anticipate your formal election would occur at the next regularly called meeting of the Board. I believe the following understanding between you and this Board should be memorialized with respect to your selection as " interim" President:
1. From July 1, 1974, to September 1, 1974, you would serve Ohio University full time as an " Assistant to the Office of the President." The purpose of such service is to assure a smooth transition from Claude R. Sowle's Presidency to yours. Your salary during such period of service would be computed on the basis of your salary as professor of Economics established for the 1974- 75 school year pro- rated.
2. From September 1, 1974, until an indefinite future date you would serve as President with all duties, responsibilities and privileges of that office and with the only limitations on your authority those mandated by law, custom and the direction of the Board of Trustees. While not exhaustive in establishing guidelines for your service as President, those set forth in your letter to me under date of June 25, 1974, are illustrative.
3. Your service in this position would otherwise be contingent only upon your satisfactory performance and your prudent exercise of authority.
4. When the " Search" Committee completes its task, and a successor President is elected, you would be expected to take whatever action is necessary and appropriate to vacate the Presidency, having in mind, of course, the interest of this Board and the University community in a smooth transition from your stewardship to that of your successor.
5. If the " Search" Committee enjoys early success and the election of a President occurs within a very short time, this Board would expect you to suffer no financial hardship as a result of its prompt action, and your services would be continued as an Assistant to the Office of the President. Such salary continuation would be until September 1, 1975, provided, however, that if the election of a permanent President occurs subsequent to that date, your salary for such services would terminate upon three months notice or at such time as may be negotiated. Such continuation of salary would not include other presidential perquisites.
6. You will, at all times, extend your personal cooperation and assistance as well as that of the University as a whole to the " Search" Committee.
7. Your salary, whether serving as Assistant to the Office of the President, or President, will be $ 42,000.00 per year, subject, of course, to routine tax, retirement system and other authorized deductions. In addition to salary, you will be provided an automobile and customary conveniences while President, and an expense allowance of $ 1,000.00 per month. ( Underlined portion added as amendment on August 21, 1974.)
8. It is anticipated that you and your immediate family will occupy the Campus Presidential Home which will be staffed and open for official social usage pursuant to your direction.   12
9. While serving as either Assistant to the Office of the President or as President, you shall be on " leave of absence" without pay from your duties as tenured Professor of Economics in the College of Business, Ohio University. Your tenure, and any other benefits of your present employment, shall be retained by you, although it is understood you may elect, at the end of your service as Assistant to the Office of the President or President, to retire.
10. During the period you serve as either Assistant to the Office of the President or President, you shall abstain from any other employment, political or governmental service, it being understood you will devote your full- time and best efforts to assist in making Ohio University an outstanding institution from the standpoint of academics, scholarship, administration and other general education goals.
If you choose to accept this offer, please so indicate below.
Very truly yours,
( Signature)
William R. Morris, Chairman,
Board of Trustees
Ohio University
WRM: sk
* * *
William R. Morris, Chairman
Board of Trustees
Ohio University
I accept your offer to serve Ohio University, and look forward to formal approval thereof by the Board of Trustees at the next regularly called meeting.
( Signature)
Harry B. Crewson
* * *
June, 1974
William R. Morris, Chairman
Board of Trustees
Ohio University
Athens, Ohio 45701
Dear Chairman Morris:
The following is submitted for your consideration:
It is my understanding that traditionally " Board- Administration Guidelines" have existed in writing setting forth the responsibilities of the President of Ohio University in relationship to those of the Board of Trustees.
I agree that the following statement thereof, if I am selected by the Board to fill the office of President for an interim period, will prevail. 13 
I. BOARD- ADMINISTRATION GUIDELINES
1) Purchase, sale, and leasing of land: Board
2) Approval of plans for new buildings: Board
3) Naming of Buildings: Board
4) Approval of furnishings for buildings: Board Committee on Budget, Finance, and Physical Plant
5) Selection of architects: Board
6) Approval of long- range plans: Board, with discretion in Administration to make minor adjustments in plans.
7) Union negotiations: Development of plan by Administration and Trustee( s) designated by Chairman; private approval of plan by Trustees; negotiation by Administration in accordance with plan; approval of contract by President and Senior Officers, preceded by further Board consultation if contract deviates from plan. ( At appropriate stages in the above process, the Administration will share information, on a private basis, with state officials.)
8) Approval or ratification of construction project financing: Board, upon recommendation of Committee on Budget, Finance, and Physical Plant.
9) Approval of fringe benefits and payroll deductions: Board
10) Approval of general business policies and procedures: ( e. g., travel regulations, establishment of bank accounts, employment fees, moving expenses, parking regulations, and purchasing policies): Board
11) Investment of funds: Administration in accordance with investment policies developed by the Board.
12) Review and acceptance of annual financial reports: Board
13) Appointment, promotion, tenure, and salaries of Faculty Members: President and Administration, with salaries to fall within limits of annual Faculty salary schedule approved by the Board. ( The Board Committee on Educational Policies will be kept informed as to standards and procedures being followed.)
14) Approval of new academic programs: Administration, upon completion of normal internal review procedures, will present recommendation to Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Educational Policies Committee. The two Chairmen may either approve the recommendation and authorize implementation, with a report of such action to be made to the Board at its next meeting, or, if significant policy considerations are involved, direct that the recommendation be presented to the Committee on Educational Policies and, subsequently, to the full Board for action.
15) Approval of termination of or major modification in academic programs: Same procedure as outlined in # 14 above.
16) Approval of new non- academic programs and operations or termination of or major modification in such programs and operations: Administration, upon completion of normal internal review procedures, will present recommendation to Chairman of the Board and Chairman of appropriate Board Committee. The two Chairmen may either approve the recommendation and authorize implementation, with a report of such action to be made to the Board at its next meeting, or, if significant policy considerations are involved, direct that the recommendation be presented to the appropriate Board Committee and, subsequently, to the full Board for final action.
17) Selection of President; annual reappointment of President: Board.
18) Relations with Legislature and Board of Regents: Administration, with assistance from Board, as needed.
19) Administrative appointments at vice- presidential level: President, with advice and consent of Board- Administration Committee and Board.
20) Salaries of senior administrators: President, following informal consultation with Chairman and member of Board- Administration Committee.   14
21) Significant administrative reorganization: President, with approval of Board- Administration Committee and Board.
22) Honorary degrees: Following review and approval by University Committee on Honorary Degrees and President, private approval by Board, with public announcement to be made at President's discretion.
23) Handling of emergencies: Administration, with prompt reports to members of the Board.
24) Approval of annual budgets: Board, with both informal and, later formal review by Board Committee on Budget, Finance, and Physical Plant in course of budget development and prior to submission to Board.
II. BOARD AND COMMITTEE PROCEDURES
1) In terms of the listing in I, above, when action by the Board is called for, the normal practice will be to refer the matter in question to the appropriate Board Committee for review prior to consideration by the full Board.
2) Prior to taking action on matters before them, Board committees, whenever appropriate, shall consult with representatives of constituencies that would be affected by such actions, such as the faculty, administrative staff, deans, undergraduate students, graduate students, classified employees, alumni, and community representatives. Decisions as to the participation of such representatives in the discussion of particular issues shall be made by the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the appropriate Board Committee in consultation with the President. In the case of consultation by Board Committees with groups having established governance bodies, invitations normally shall be extended to the heads of such bodies and/ or their designated representatives.
3) Whenever possible, meetings of the Board will be held on Monday, beginning at 9: 00 a. m. Board members, however, will arrive at the meeting site on Sunday evening, in time for dinner beginning at 6: 00 p. m. Upon conclusion of dinner, the remainder of Sunday evening will be devoted to meetings of Board Committees.
4) From time to time, special matters may arise requiring an executive session of the Board ( labor negotiations, for example). In such cases, an executive session may be scheduled by the Chairman of the Board.
5) From time to time, the Board may conclude that it is desirable to convene a seminar or workshop for the purpose of discussing, for an extended period, issues of particular importance to the University. Representatives of appropriate constituencies would be invited to join the Board and the President for such discussions. Typically, such a seminar or workshop would be held on Saturday or Sunday preceding a regular meeting of the Board on Monday.
It is my belief the foregoing accurately states the understanding that has existed between the Board and the President of Ohio University for some time.
I believe it should be reiterated that to my knowledge neither I nor the members of my immediate family are involved in or have private or personal investments or affiliations it would or could cause or bring about questions concerning " conflicts of interest" in my relationship to Ohio University.
Sincerely yours,
( Signature)
Harry B. Crewson
* * *
Mrs. Phillips succeeded Mr. Morris as Chairman of the Board on July 1. On July 9 Dr. Crewson sent a letter to those who were members of the Board when he was selected: 15 
" I apologize for the delay in writing to you. But after a few days of vacation, I now have a better perspective on the honor accorded to me as well as for the problems and the challenges in the months to come.
I am very grateful for your vote of confidence in selecting me to serve as President of Ohio University. I accept this great honor with trepidation, confidence and hope.
I have no illusions about the scope and magnitude of our problems, and we all know they are numerous and complex. At the same time, I am confident that with your support and the assistance of responsible faculty, staff, students, non- academic employees and other friends of Ohio University, we can make a concerted effort toward the goal of enrollment and budgetary stability in the short run. Hopefully, a degree of stability in the immediate future will be a prelude to controlled growth and development in the long run.
In a general way, I have outlined some of the programs and policies that I believe are necessary to achieve the above goals. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you for the purpose of discussing ideas, programs, policies and procedures that would be desirable for Ohio University.
It is my intention to work as closely with you as you desire on our mutual concerns. I am looking forward to an enjoyable personal relationship with you and, even more importantly, to a cooperative endeavor that will prove beneficial to the interests of Ohio University."
* * *
Governor Gilligan's June 21 appointees to the Board, Donald A. Spencer and J. Grant Keys, would be present at the August 21 meeting of the Board, at which Dr. Crewson's appointment would be ratified. Chapter 7 concerns itself with the Crewson Board of Trustees.
  16
Chapter 2 
The Program of Transition
President Sowle set about immediately to fulfill his pledge of working closely with Dr. Crewson. He reserved in his calendar all day July 8 and 19 and additional blocks of time on August 9, 22 and 29 for work sessions with him. With respect to the provision of the appointment contained in Chairman Morris' June 25 letter, which provided for service from July 1 to September 1 as " Assistant to the Office of the President," President Sowle arranged for use by Dr. Crewson of the office near his own which he had used as additional working space to assure that his office would be free of clutter for interviews and meetings. This became transition headquarters.
Transition activities were low- key and informal, with Dr. Crewson deciding whom he wished to see and with what groups and committees he wished to meet and for what purpose. There was no special transition staff. Marie P. White, Administrative Assistant to the President, and Robert E. Mahn, whose offices adjoined the President's and Dr. Crewson's, were available for assistance.
Dr. Crewson studied reports and memoranda on issues pending internally and before external agencies, such as the Inter- University Council, Regents, and State agencies. University Committees and Councils with which he met, some of which as President he would meet with regularly, are mentioned later.
Disappointment over lack of consultation in the selection process for the Interim President was general among constituent groups. Noted earlier were the Faculty Senate's statements, through minutes of meetings, about this. At its July 15, 1974, meeting, Faculty Senate Chairman Booth announced " The Executive Committee is to have a lengthy meeting with Dr. Crewson in August as part of the presidential turn- over procedure."
At the September 23 meeting of the Faculty Senate, Chairman Booth stated " The Executive Committee spent an afternoon with Crewson in August, and attempted to convey to him the sentiments and attitudes of the faculty and the Senate . . .”
By September 6, when he was formally installed as President, Dr. Crewson understood well the prevailing routines of the presidency and remaining and pending issues with which he would have to cope.
Preparations for the presidential assignment included briefings on the " after normal working hours" emergency plan. It included providing Dr. and Mrs. Crewson with the listed and unlisted home phone numbers of persons responsible for corrective action with respect to maintenance and security problems. It included releasing to them the bomb threat procedure, including that employed at large events on campus, including the " Bomb Proclamation" the President would read if a suspicious item was found which made necessary the evacuation of a facility.
Dr. Crewson had made clear that the principles that would apply during his presidency were those he had applied to assignments, University and non- University, and with which, therefore, many were familiar. Specifics about agenda were withheld until after the two- month transition period and induction ceremony. 17 
When, following his presidency, Dr. Crewson reflected on the months of July and August, he stated that they provided the opportunity " to meet with Claude Sowle a number of times and, with his assistance, to visit all divisions and areas and to meet with academic and non- academic personnel on the campus. This transition period was very helpful. To the extent possible, I continued to meet with as many on the campus as possible throughout the year. In addition, early that fall I made it a point to visit all branch campuses and to state my desire for a close relationship and cooperation. Also, I visited technical schools to make clear to them that Ohio University had a desire to work closely with them. John Light, President, was extremely pleased with my visit to Hocking Tech."   18
Chapter 3 
Dr. and Mrs. Crewson
Dr. Crewson was a man of conviction and sureness with the ability to keep his calm. He had a deep sense of public service. In preparation for an interview with the Alumni Journal, Dr. Crewson prepared this fact sheet:
I. Contributions to Ohio University Community
Have always carried a full teaching load with, in most years, a very large student enrollment.
Have served on innumerable departmental and college committees; served as Chairman of the Department, 1966- 68.
Activities beyond the Department and College Levels
Faculty Club - served in various capacities, including the office of President.
AAUP - Served as President of the organization at one time years ago.
Ohio University Employees Credit Union - founder and first President. I worked closely with Paul O'Brien in establishing an organization that has been of great benefit to academic and especially to non- academic personnel in the University.
Faculty Advisory Council - Chairman for two years. I was in office during the time when this organization became the Faculty Senate.
Member of the faculty committee in the search for a President of the University in 1961; Gordon Bush was Chairman of the Committee for the Board.
Chairman of the Task Force on University Resources, 1969- 70.
Currently serving on the Ecology Committee and the University Council.
Over the years, have responded to student invitations - to meet in non- economics classes, dormitory meetings, informal sessions, University or Awareness Days, etc.
II. Contributions to the Athens Community
Elected President of Athens City Council in 1963 and re- elected three times. First and only Democratic member of the faculty to be elected to Council.
Member of the Athens Community Improvement Corporation.
Currently serving as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Municipal League in Columbus; Chairman of a special committee of the League on Tax reform and revision.
Currently serving on Governor Gilligan's Task Force on Environmental Protection.
Have been an active member in the Athens County Democratic Party and served as Chairman of the Executive committee for two years.
Democratic Candidate for Congress, 10th District, Ohio, 1968. Soundly defeated but became acquainted with hundreds of people in the 13 counties of this District.
III. Contributions to improved relations between the University and the Athens community and the area.
In a general way, I believe that my service in an elected position has contributed to better relations between the two communities over the years, although the benefit is of course immeasurable. Many comments from people in both communities lend support to this contention.
I have been personally responsible for the following activities:
Monthly luncheon meetings of officials: University, City Council and Administration, County, Planning Commission, and the School Board. 19 
The program in the Spring of 1970 in which University students had the opportunity to " ride- along" with City patrolmen. I arranged this program with Harry Pettigrew and his pre- law class. Bruce Tabashneck participated in this first program.
The Cooperation from the City with Bruce Tabashneck in the Cop- In program in 1971.
Utilization of a student class in pre- law ( again with the assistance of Harry Pettigrew) in a research project concerning revision of portions of the City criminal code. Some of their recommendations are incorporated in the Ordinance that is currently being considered by Council.
The Concerned Citizens of Athens have long been interested in this revision and I have cooperated with Ed Sanford and kept him informed of our progress. In the present Ordinance, we have eliminated the objectionable sections referring to suspicious persons, vagrancy, etc.
The Athens Autumn Trade Festival in the Parking Garage, October 22, 1971 and the Spring Festival, April 28, 1971.
Both of these events brought townspeople and university students and faculty together in a friendly and enjoyable environment.
Cooperated with other student groups concerning: Architectural barriers; architectural class design for certain facilities at the projected recreation area; journalism projects; work- study program, etc.
And, as a member of Council I have worked for many improvements which I believed were desirable for both communities.
Establishment of the Human Relations Commission.
Passage of the Ordinance restricting the use of signs ( Al Geiger worked long and hard on this measure as he has for many other worthwhile projects within the community).
I have attempted to cooperate with every student request and have had countless interviews with students in journalism and other courses as well as writers on the O. U. Post.
I have talked with Les Marks ( Ombudsman) and assured him of my cooperation in the event that I might be of some assistance.
I cooperated with Arvin Wells and his committee last year on University/ community relations.
* * *
Excerpts from the ensuing article in the July- August, 1974, Alumni Journal add some additional facts and flavor: The fact sheet, excerpts, and the accompanying article on Mrs. Crewson provide a good picture of the presidential couple:
. . . Dr. Crewson, 61, was the unanimous choice of the trustees. Board Chairman William R. Morris commented, " Dr. Crewson offers the University exceptionally well- balanced abilities. He has a wealth of knowledge of the University and its various constituencies and a strong academic background and acceptance by the faculty. He also has demonstrated his ability in leadership and administrative positions, and he has long experience in relating to students and to the public through public service.
Because of his participation in both town and gown affairs, Crewson is one of those rare people who is considered both a " townie" and a University person. The usual rule of thumb is that if you weren't born in Athens, you're always a newcomer. But in the eyes of many townspeople, Crewson is a native. . . Over the years, the professor has put that dual status to good use.
“ One of my main efforts has been bridging the two communities, and I think there's been some progress in that regard. Recently there have been very clear and decisive changes on both sides . . . an attitude that what's good for the city is good for the University and vice versa.”
Crewson's life has changed considerably in the few weeks since his selection as president. He no longer will be a professor, or a Sunday golfer, or a county commissioner.   20
“ I'm sure I'll miss some of that but this will take so much time and be so challenging I won't have time to think about it.”
During the two- month transition period between the Sowle and Crewson administrations, the new president has had a lot of studying to do. Terming himself a “ student intern” Crewson has gone down through all the steps on the administrative table of organization to acquaint himself with the personnel and procedures in each office reporting to the six vice presidents. Besides meeting with all department heads, he is meeting with representatives of the University's various constituencies including Faculty and Administrative Senates, student groups, nonacademic employees, union officers, parents attending pre- college, and alumni groups.
“ I'm getting a good feel for the entire administrative policy and what the president is expected to approve, disapprove and be involved with.” And he's also had “ plenty of time to talk to Claude and recapitulate what I've already seen and will see.” Sowle consulted with Crewson on some of the decisions he's had to make before September 1.
Some people have asked Crewson ( who has said he is not a candidate for the permanent post) if an interim president can actually make any major policy decisions for a university he will only have charge of for a year.
“ I’m clearly not going to be a caretaker president. The Board appointed me with full authority and I will be the president," Crewson emphasized.
He will be focusing attention on building the University's image while in office, a subject that many alumni have expressed an interest.
“ My whole thrust next year will be to work on some of the concerns they ( alumni) have and I have. Every decision will be geared to the best interests of Ohio University.”
MRS. CREWSON
Martha Walker Crewson, who becomes the University's first lady on September 1, is a 1938 Ohio graduate who majored in elementary education. She taught in the Tuscarawas County Schools and then in Alliance, where she met her future husband on a blind date.
Mrs. Crewson has taught in the Athens County school system for over 20 years, and until her husband's appointment as interim president was scheduled to teach at Nelsonville- York this fall. She " loves to teach" and will miss working with youngsters, but is looking forward to contacts with University students.
A warm, candid woman, Mrs. Crewson believes her experience on the campaign trail will help her in her new duties as hostess for the many individuals and groups that will be visiting Park Place during the coming year. " I enjoy campaigning - you meet so many nice people and get to feel at home in almost any situation. But it's very hard to lose," she said.
Right now, Martha Crewson is busy conferring with Katie Sowle about the intricacies of running the president's house and mastering the entertainment schedules. She thinks she will enjoy most the more informal gatherings, which will include townspeople as well as representatives from all the University's constituencies.
" The response of the town and the University has been over- whelming so far," she said. " I was heartened by all the good wishes. It's going to be an interesting experience, and no doubt a strenuous one too."
She is obviously proud of her husband's achievements as president of city council and as an active member of the faculty. " Harry has a way of getting things done in a calm way," she said.
The Crewsons, married in 1941, have two children, Karen and John. Karen ( wife of attorney T. Keith Randall) is a University of Hawaii graduate and the mother of two children. John, a Wooster graduate, has finished course work for a doctorate in philosophy at New York University. He is presently serving as a tour campaign manager 21 
for former U. S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark in his bid to become U. S. Senator from New York.
Mrs. Crewson revealed that the Crewson's grandson, Brad Randall, 6, has no doubts about his grandfather's ability: Told about Dr. Crewson's appointment, he reported to a neighbor, " My grandfather has been elected principal of the universe."
The President prided himself on his " informal style." Long- hand notes exceeded dictated or directed notes. He trusted people to respond adequately and sympathetically to letters referred to them, for example. He placed great faith in members of the office staff and Senior Administrators to carry out directions. To Senior Administrators, with whom he met regularly, his expectation relative to their performance was casual but clear. To faculty senators, whose monthly meetings he attended when at all possible, he was candid but discrete. If facts were not in hand to answer adequately a question, or if he felt it impolite to answer he so stated, and would say no more on the subject. His attendance at Administrative Senate meetings was less frequent than at Faculty Senate meetings. The same principles of discussion applied to both groups. Senators, Post editors, and others, who had experienced his predecessor's openness, willingness to speculate, and proclivity to make off- the- record statements, were at times harsh in their criticism of Dr. Crewson's style. Those who had experienced his predecessor's weekly press conferences, radio call- in shows, and open budget hearings, accused him of purposely withholding information and leaving everything to his Senior Administrators. Pointed to was his commitment " to hold frequent press conferences," and the scheduling of only three during his tenure.
To these charges he had this comment at the conclusion of his presidency:
" In a commendable effort to maintain an " open" administration, Claude developed three practices: an open- line hour on WOUB radio, regular weekly press conferences and public hearings on O. U. budget problems. Many students, faculty and others seemed to take undue advantages and to indulge in ridicule, etc. In my opinion, the practices had outlived their usefulness and I stopped all three. However, I did remain accessible to the media, students, faculty and others. For instance, Chuck Culp, Bob Hynes and I and others spent many, many hours dealing with those students who wanted the University to take a position on one cause or another, i. e. lettuce and grapes. We listened, talked and tried to cooperate, but we refused to politicize the University. And one evening I met with a group of students and a couple of faculty members on the front steps of the President's house on Park Place. They were after me to rescind the penalty— a one- quarter suspension, I believe— given to a student for his behavior at a previous demonstration at Cutler. I did meet with members of the media and with as many individuals and groups as time permitted."
On another occasion he stated that:
" With regard to meetings with students, I met with individuals and groups of black students in a series of meetings . . . some black students had been involved in some incidents with Claude in the Spring of 1974— incidents that may have contributed to his sudden decision to resign. In any event, I began to meet with some of them early that fall. One meeting seemed particularly revealing. I arranged to meet with a number of students in the Alumni Lounge for an evening session of questions, answers, etc. Subsequently, I had to go to Columbus to meet with a few members of the Board of Trustees on the day of my evening meeting with the black students. In Columbus, I told them I needed to be back in Athens for an important evening meeting. As I arrived at the door of the Alumni Lounge, the student who had made the arrangements greeted me with a question, " Are you alone?"— I presume that he expected an entourage. During the winter and spring   22
quarters, I held a number of luncheon meetings at the President's house: those present included representatives of black students, Jim Barnes, Frank Borkowski, Chuck Culp, Alan Geiger, and others. The agenda included complaints, suggestions, recommendations and anything that anyone wanted to discuss. These luncheons were very helpful, serious, candid and productive. In the end, I decided that space in Lindley Hall be used primarily as a center for black students and faculty. This decision, I believed then and now was correct and appropriate. Of course, I was criticized by many individuals and for a variety of reasons."
The chapters that follow contain additional references to Dr. Crewson's style and convictions. 23 
Chapter 4 
Election
On August 21, 1974, the Board of Trustees formally elected Harry B. Crewson President " for the interim from September 1, 1974, until the Search Committee's efforts result in the election of a Permanent President." This followed formal ratification by the Board of " its earlier expressed desire that Claude R. Sowle continue his service as President of Ohio University from July 1, 1974 to September 1, 1974."
With the exception of Edwin L. Kennedy, all members were present at the meeting: Charles E. Holzer, Jr., Mrs. Dorothy Johns, Fred H. Johnson, J. Grant Keys, William L. Kircher, William R. Morris, Donald A. Spencer and Mrs. J. Wallace Phillips, Chairman. It was the first meeting for Mr. Keys and Mr. Spencer, newly appointed to the Board by Democrat Governor John J. Gilligan, replacing respectively Robert B. McAlister, who resigned, and C. Paul Stocker, whose term expired. Also present were President Claude R. Sowle, President- elect Harry B. Crewson, Secretary Robert E. Mahn, and Vice Presidents James C. Bryant ( Acting, Regional Higher Education), W. Charles Culp ( Administrative Services), Martin L. Hecht ( University Relations), and John F. Milar ( Treasurer). Executive Vice President and Dean of Faculties Taylor Culbert was on summer leave.
This is the portion of the minutes of the meeting pertaining to the election of President Crewson:
G. CONSIDERATION OF ELECTION OF DR. HARRY B. CREWSON AS PRESIDENT FOR THE INTERIM FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1974, UNTIL THE SEARCH COMMITTEE'S EFFORTS RESULT IN THE ELECTION OF A PERMANENT PRESIDENT.
Mr. Johnson moved approval of the resolution. Mr. Kircher seconded the motion, which received unanimous approval.
RESOLUTION 1974 – 140
BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Trustees of Ohio University that Harry B. Crewson is elected President for the interim from September 1, 1974, until the Search Committee's efforts result in the Board's election of a permanent president.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the conditions under which President Crewson will operate are those outlined in a letter from William R. Morris, Chairman, to Dr. Harry B. Crewson, dated June 25, 1974, and that the Guidelines which will prevail in determining relations between the President and the Board for the term of his appointment are those outlined in a letter from Dr. Harry B. Crewson to William R. Morris, Chairman, dated June 25, 1974, copies of which each Board member received with the Agenda for the August 21, 1974, meeting of the Board.
Following approval of the appointment resolution, Mr. Morris moved that the letters referred to in the footnote to Resolution 1974 - 140 be entered in the minutes. He emphasized that both letters would be subject to periodic review. Mr. Johnson seconded the motion, which was approved.
  24
H. CONSIDERATION OF ADDENDUM TO OFFER OF PRESIDENCY LETTER
Mr. Morris stated that the Offer of Presidency letter did not make specific reference to the usual expense allowance for the President. He moved the following resolution:
RESOLUTION 1974 – 141
BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Trustees of Ohio University that the last sentence of Section 7 of the June 25, 1974 letter from William R. Morris, Chairman, Board of Trustees, Ohio University, to Dr. Harry B. Crewson, offering to Dr. Crewson " the Presidency of Ohio University, for the interim from September 1, 1974, until the Search Committee's efforts result in this Board's election of a permanent president" be expanded to read ( additions underlined): " In addition to salary, you will be provided an automobile and customary conveniences - while President, and an expense allowance of $ 1,000.00 per month. Mr. Johnson seconded the motion, which was approved.
I. INTRODUCTION OF DR. CREWSON
Chairman Phillips, in introducing Dr. Crewson to the Board, assured him that he would have the support and cooperation of the Board during his presidency. Dr. Crewson stated that he accepted the great honor of the presidency with confidence, knowing that he would have the support of the Board. He pledged, in all good faith, his best efforts to carry out his responsibilities. He expressed appreciation for the fine cooperation extended by President and Mrs. Sowle.
Mr. Keys, speaking for himself and Mr. Spencer, stated that although they regretted not having had a part in Dr. Crewson's choice, they were pleased at the appointment and pledged their support.
X. GENERAL DISCUSSION— ROLL CALL OF MEMBERS
Dr. Holzer stated that he welcomed the new members of the Board with enthusiasm. President Sowle, he said, would be missed. Mr. Morris added his welcome, stating to members that Board membership was an invigorating and challenging experience. He wished President Sowle Godspeed.
Mr. Kircher stated that his sadness at President Sowle's departure was matched by his enthusiasm over the leadership Dr. Crewson would provide. He expressed great pleasure at the addition to the Board of two very close friends. Mrs. Johns said her feelings echoed those of the members who had spoken. She reported an idea she brought from a hearing of the Task Force on Higher Education; that trustees are not doing as much as they should with legislators to gain adequate support for higher education.
Mr. Johnson said he endorsed everything that others had said, that while he had regrets at President Sowle's leaving, he had pleasure in Dr. Crewson's coming on the scene. Administration, he stated, went on, regardless of what individuals did. Mr. Keys expressed confidence in the Board's responsibility, based on materials received through the mails to date. He expressed a deep and abiding love for the University and extended best wishes to Dr. Sowle and Dr. Crewson.
Mr. Spencer expressed appreciation for the warmth of his welcome and a desire to become a dedicated part of the University and to contribute to the preservation of its heritage. He extended best wishes to Dr. Sowle and Dr. Crewson.
Dr. Crewson invited members and spouses to attend the installation ceremony at 4: 30 p. m., Friday, September 6, 1974. He stated that Mrs. Phillips would administer the oath in the presence of family and friends and trustees who would be able to attend.
The letters referred to in the Resolutions are included in Chapter 1.
25 
Chapter 5 
Induction
Formal induction ceremonies for Dr. Crewson were held at the President's residence on Friday, September 6, 1974. Chairman Phillips administered the oath of office. Mrs. Crewson was presented a bouquet of roses by Mrs. Phillips. Guests, who numbered approximately 130, included Dr. Crewson's 85- year- old father and other family members. A cousin, the Rev. Norman Crewson, pastor of the Boardman, Ohio, Methodist Church, gave the benediction following the ceremony. Other attendees were trustees Fred H. Johnson and J. Grant Keys, and former trustee Duncan M. Baxter, as well as University administrators and staff, colleagues of Dr. Crewson in the College of Business Administration, city and state officials, and friends.
In his remarks, President Crewson stated:
" I accept this great honor with humility and a deep sense of responsibility. To you and all members of the Board of Trustees, I am extremely grateful for the confidence and trust you have placed in Martha and me. And I want to express our gratitude to Claude and Katie Sowle for their complete cooperation in preparing us for this awesome task.
" To members of the Board, faculty, students, classified employees, administrative personnel, and other friends of Ohio University, I pledge my total efforts and good judgment toward promoting the best interests of Ohio University.
" I have been teaching here for 25 years and I know what a fine University it is— we have a great academic tradition, excellent programs and facilities, and thousands of fine dedicated people on this campus and at the Branches.
" The recent past has been a trying experience for all of us. Understandably, it is much more difficult to adjust to declining enrollments and budgets than it is to expanding ones. But adjust we must and will. Adjustment and recovery will not come about so long as we indulge in internal bickering and perpetuate an attitude of self- pitying defeatism. A maximum of constructive and cooperative endeavor internally is an essential first step toward the goal of improved external understanding and support.
" Our principal role is to provide good quality educational opportunities for those on the Athens campus and throughout Appalachian Southeastern Ohio. As a state- supported institution, we are obligated to the general public and Ohio taxpayers to use our resources wisely in this endeavor. And in doing our job to the best of our ability, we will be benefiting ourselves as well as serving all the people in this area— because the obvious fact is that Ohio University is a major industry here.
" This year, among other things, we will emphasize academic standards, responsibilities, as well as rights, of all members of the University community, the necessity for a collective effort in tackling our problems, and the need for cooperation with other educational institutions throughout Southeastern Ohio.
" In the office of the presidency, I will do my utmost and I will expect the same from every other employee of the University.
" I am extremely gratified by the expression of support I have received from all quarters— the University, the City of Athens, the region of Southeastern Ohio, alumni,   26
and others throughout the state. With its significant and wide- spread support, together with renewed dedication by everyone at the University, I am confident that we can look forward to a good year for O. U. I do not intend to disappoint those who have placed their faith and trust in me.
" Thank you all for coming over today— which Martha and I appreciate very much. Again, thanks to all."
Dr. Crewson was now President. However, the length of his tenure was uncertain. The only certainty was that he would suffer no financial hardship as a result of " early success" of the " Search" Committee. 27 
Chapter 6 
Agenda
It was time now for the President to announce his agenda. On September 1 he sent this letter to the Athens Messenger for its Freshman Edition:
The 1974- 75 academic year begins a new era for those of you who will be entering Ohio University in three weeks. It will also be a new period for me. After 25 years of teaching at this university, I will be serving as President of Ohio University during the coming academic year.
For all of us, it will be an exciting time as well as a demanding time. You will have the opportunity to test your academic abilities and your maturity as you adjust to new freedoms and new responsibilities. Your options will be many. For most of you, how you study and how you perform in meeting course requirements will require a new kind of discipline. For many of you, the standards set by your professors will be tougher than those you met in high school. We are confident that most of you will measure up to these standards; for those who do not, we will so inform you.
But, let me add, we want you all to succeed in this new endeavor and we will provide all appropriate assistance. Professors stand ready to advise and assist you in your course work. If you have problems in knowing how best to study or if you need to sharpen your skills in mathematics, reading or writing, special assistance is available. But, ultimately, the responsibility is yours; the decision as to whether you remain at Ohio University or not is really up to you.
Just as you will be responsible for meeting academic standards, you will be responsible for your conduct and citizenship. Here, too, your options will be many. You will have many decisions to make concerning how you spend your time, the friends you choose, the kind of social life you prefer, and how you adjust to living with a variety of your peers in a residence hall. These decisions will be yours and your college career depends upon your judgment. And, again, we stand ready to assist you. The personnel in the freshman residence halls have services to help you discover a life style that is compatible with your own values, interests and academic program.
But, the basic responsibility is yours. Just as you must meet certain academic standards, you must meet the standards of conduct established by the university. We will expect responsible citizenship and mature behavior.
Finally, I want to review my role in this, our first year together at Ohio University. I pledge complete dedication in the office of the presidency to provide an environment which is most conducive to the maximum learning and developmental opportunities for all members of the university community. Tolerance and a sincere respect for the views of others are basic to such an environment. I subscribe wholeheartedly to the dictum attributed to Voltaire, " I may disagree with everything you say but I will defend unto the death your right to say it." This thought summarizes the essence of a college environment and its primary reason for existence.
To the free and uninhibited interchange of ideas and thoughts, no matter how repugnant some of these may be to you or me, I say, " right on." To intolerance,   28
intimidation, and conduct which are inimical to a university community, I say, " no way." I trust that you will receive my thoughts in the spirit in which they have been offered— as friendly, straight talk.
We are now a smaller university than we were a few years ago and this change brings many real advantages. We now have the opportunity for smaller classes, more personal contacts and more sensitive institutional response to individual needs.
As President of Ohio University, I intend to be available and accessible to everyone. I solicit your suggestions, recommendations and critical analysis. We believe that Ohio University is an excellent educational institution and we are dedicated to continued improvement. It is my pleasure to welcome you to our campus. I am confident that we will have a productive, challenging, and yes, a happy year in 1974- 75.
* * *
On August 30, for meetings with senior administrators on September 4 and 5, he distributed this agenda:
I. Opening Statement and Comments— Dr. Crewson
II. I would appreciate a brief statement from each re:
1. Past year, i. e., changes, if any, in structure, operational policies, personnel, etc.
2. Possible problems and issues in the near future
3. Possible problems and issues in the longer run
4. Recommendations, suggestions
5. Comments re: Task Force Report ( to be used in formulating a position paper on the report)
III. Discussion of Budget Procedure
IV. Discussion of Proposals of, and Possible Response to, Concerned Black Students
V. Miscellaneous
* * *
I. Statement and announcements - HBC
Personal situation and decision to live in the House.
Copy of agreement and understanding with the Board of Trustees.
My statements, actions, etc. are part of my style— and not in any way critical of the past.
My relations with Senior Administrators:
No planned change in structure at this time.
Expecting a completely open and trusting relationship.
I intend to delegate to each to the maximum degree possible and will trust your judgment. We may disagree on a given policy but, once a decision is determined, I will expect unified support and implementation. And I would prefer that the feeling of mutual trust would make possible the opportunity for each of us, within discretionary limits, to communicate with others.
My orientation –
As I entered this process, I held certain views and ideas about the University and, for the most part, these were reinforced, i. e., the pervasive mood of depression, inner looking, back- biting, the need to give renewed emphasis to quality and the importance of undergraduate teaching, the need to couple with this an improved counseling program for all undergraduates and, underlined now by direct entry, the need to emphasize the appropriate responsibilities of each ( to provide some balance with recent emphasis on the rights of each: students, faculty members, administrators, classified employees; the need 29 
to give greater attention to our regional role in Southeastern Ohio— specifically, greater cooperation with Branch campuses, Technical Colleges, and four- year colleges in the area. We should discuss these and other ideas but I am convinced that it is mandatory, for both internal and external reasons, for us to make every possible effort to turn O. U. fortunes around a little and to indicate to all that we are seriously tackling our problems. We must concentrate more of our collective efforts on our central mission— to provide the best possible educational environment for everyone on the campus and educational opportunities for others in the region. We must help ourselves to the maximum degree if we expect external understanding and support.
I am planning a general meeting of all university employees on Friday, September 20 at 3: 30 in Mem. Aud.— and I solicit your suggestions for this meeting.
I am planning a Freshman convocation on Monday, September 23, at 3: 30 or 4: 00. Don Flournoy and his people are working on this and I solicit your suggestions.
Between now and September 20 —
Installation ceremony this Friday at 4: 30 - and Alumni Leadership meeting on Saturday morning. ( Perhaps at lunch, talk with Ed Penson re: recruitment.)
Visits to the Branch campuses.
Attend the football game in North Carolina.
Establish a calendar of regular meetings— most following previous patterns.
May add a luncheon meeting for Distinguished Professors and another of officers of the Emeriti group.
I have decided to hold frequent news conferences but not on a regular weekly basis; I have decided against continuation of the Open- Line program; and later we will discuss a budget procedure which will exclude the final step of public blood- letting.
The next meeting of the Board of Trustees will be on September 30 in Athens.
Academic area
I. Graduate programs - continue and work to expand enrollments.
II. Research efforts - encourage - and take a look at possibility of providing incentive to departments and individuals to seek further grants.
III. Undergraduate programs - want to emphasize the importance of our responsibilities to undergraduate programs.
1. Ask faculty members for cooperation in providing increased attention and responsibility vis- à- vis undergraduate students. Most faculty members are dedicated, but there have been too many incidents of a contrary attitude, i. e., absences from regularly scheduled classes, unilateral change in meeting times of classes, unilateral deviations from exam schedules, unauthorized use of T. A. s and G. A. s in classroom, not honoring office hours. This cavalier attitude toward one's basic obligation projects a similar attitude to students. The total effect is harmful and indefensible because it is completely incompatible with a positive learning environment.
2. Fair but firm grading policy.
3. The above emphasis should be coupled with an effective counseling program. Ask Deans to establish ( many already have done this), administer, monitor, evaluate and provide quarterly reports on student counseling programs— not only Freshmen but all undergraduates. Encourage flexibility in counseling programs so as to fit differing needs of colleges and departments. Perhaps select only a few faculty members to provide this service— and such people should receive appropriate recognition— load reduction, equal salary and promotion capability.
4. Continue to evaluate course offerings— aimed at eliminating “ Mickeys," duplication and overlapping, dated courses, etc.
* * *   30
1. Budget procedure - 1975- 76 -— including re- budgeting, if necessary - 1974- 75.
2. Concerned black students.
3. Student Workers Union.
4. Faculty moves - early poll on question of forming a bargaining unit— also, Finance Committee of Faculty Senate to conduct a review of administrative salaries.
5. Vice President for Regional Higher Education Committee— F. Borkowski.
6. Summer session, workshops, etc.— Director?
7. The Post— new Board— additional charge— once a week insert.
8. Campus Communicator— retain or not? If retain, change in format?
9. Task Force Report— O. U. position paper.
10. Use of our own resources and people to evaluate various office procedures.
11. Mandatory retirement for administrators.
12. Communications with other Ohio institutions re: faculty openings, i. e., in areas where we are suffering special problems. Clearing- house.
13. Professional leaves - recent opinion - F. Borokowski - and call to Office of Attorney General last Friday.
14. Recruitment Plan.
15. Cooperation between Peg Black, Radio- TV school staff, and Joe Welling— re: preparation of 60 sec. spots for commercial TV stations.
16. Incentive procedure— re: preparation of grant proposals.
17. Continued support for graduate programs and research efforts— but some additional emphasis on undergraduates. Responsibilities of faculty, i. e., to meet classes, exam schedule, office hours, fair but firm grading. Both administrators and faculty— an effective counseling service for all ranks of undergraduates.
18. Cooperation with Branches, Technical Colleges, and 4 year institutions throughout Southeastern Ohio.
19. Auxiliaries— Hecht— need for a plan to present to Governor and Legislature as necessary to ask for support.
From the discussion, Secretary Robert E. Mahn prepared these minutes:
President Crewson expressed his views on a number of matters. Agreements were reached as a result of presentations by senior administrators.
President Crewson:
I have been named President with full authority.
Emphasis during my term will be on operations rather than structure.
Responsible action by all personnel and all units of the University will be expected.
Good regional relationships by all areas will be stressed.
There will be renewed emphasis on undergraduate teaching and counseling.
Cooperation with other institutions will be stressed.
Agreements: ( Subject to certain restrictions, i. e. costs):
1. Union and other groups will have access to university personnel for discussion and there will be cooperation in providing information.
2. There will be no objections registered over the Faculty Senate's collective bargaining opinion- seeking procedures.
3. The study on organization of the Vice President of Regional Higher Education's area will be completed under the chairmanship of Borkowski, with a report being issued by the end of October.
4. We will move immediately to appoint a coordinator of special programming, rather than just a coordinator of summer programs. 31 
5. An ad hoc committee to review the effectiveness of the present arrangements with the Post will be named.
6. The idea of a weekly Post page in lieu of the Communicator will be pursued immediately.
7. Culbert's office will prepare a draft position paper in response to the Citizens Task Force Report, for review by senior administrators and the President.
8. The Board's 1948 rule on retirement will be applied to the physicians' retirement issue.
9. The plan of help to faculty and others who are being terminated will be continued.
10. We will seek the cooperation of the Governor's office in getting legislation favorable to professional leaves.
11. We will push for a solution to the dormitory financing problem. Milar will explore the statewide dormitory authority idea.
12. Full support will be given Penson in implementing the recruitment plan.
13. Work will continue on resolving the research overhead payments issue. . Mahn will pursue this.
14. Ideas for encouraging faculty responsibility will be sought from all sources. Renewed emphasis on undergraduate teaching, counseling and cooperation with other institutions is the goal. Ideas will be sought from active distinguished professors, emeriti group officers, and others, through their meetings with the President.
15. A procedure which will mesh curricular, budgetary and trustee decisions will be sought.
16. The implications for us of the adult education, continuing education, and related movements will be pursued.
17. The capital campaign feasibility study will proceed. Definition of the image the alumni have of the University will be sought.
18. The budget procedure will be finalized very soon.
19. The response to Concerned Black Students will be finalized very soon.
20. The public relations thrust of the University will be scrutinized and most effective procedures sought.
Future meetings of senior administrators with the President were scheduled for 10: 30 a. m. at the House on October 1, November 5, December 3, January 7, February 4, March 4, April 1, and May 6.
* * *
At the September 20 meeting with faculty, staff, classified employees, administrative personnel and friends of Ohio University, the President presented his view of " The State of the University." He described the principles that would prevail in the agenda implementation process:
On June 20, I was selected by the Board of Trustees of Ohio University to serve as the 17th president of the institution. My appointment was officially confirmed by the Board of Trustees on August 21, and I assumed the office, with full authority, on September 1. My tenure is somewhat indefinite and indeterminate— but then whose isn't?
During July and August, I visited as many offices and talked with as many of you as possible. I want to express my appreciation to Claude Sowle for arranging this orientation process and for his complete cooperation and valuable assistance during this transition period. Also, I want to thank all of those who have given their time and effort in helping me to prepare for this enormous responsibility; and thanks to all who have given me words of encouragement and support.   32
During this orientation period, I did learn about the operation of each separate segment but, at the same time, I was most interested in learning how all the pieces fit together in the composite picture of the total University.
I now want to report to you my impressions about the state of Ohio University. I will comment on our many attributes, some of our problems and suggested solutions, and specifically, my role, as I perceive it, for the coming year. I would not presume that all would agree with me or endorse the views I will express; but I do ask for your indulgence, tolerance, and understanding as well as your advice and recommendations.
First, I am pleased to state that there is much that is right with Ohio University; in fact, there is a great deal to be said for us in spite of occasional reports to the contrary. We are a University composed of a number of excellent colleges and programs, all of which will continue to be an integral part of the whole. Inevitably, and of necessity, there will be some changes and adjustments within some segments of the University. But change is a way of life and not to be feared, except by those with little faith and imagination.
Last year, after a lengthy and detailed examination, the North Central Association reviewed and reaffirmed our maturity status at the undergraduate and masters levels and granted us maturity status at the doctoral level. Similarly, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education approved our programs; likewise all of our departments in Engineering are up to maximum accreditation. In short, throughout the University, we are very sound academically and have a good base on which to build.
Also, our student- faculty ratio has been improving; in most departments, full professors are teaching freshman and other introductory courses; for the most part, G. A. s and T. A. s play a minimal role in our direct instructional effort.
In addition, we have faced up to difficult budgetary problems and exercised good judgment. Because we have managed our problems in a commendable way, the Board of Regents has treated us considerately and fairly.
Rather than enumerating for you all of our fine programs and achievements, I think it is more appropriate to emphasize the overall quality of Ohio University.
Unfortunately, in recent years, our many and diverse attributes have been over- shadowed by a series of incidents, events, and unfortunate circumstances; and these have combined to create externally an adverse picture of Ohio University. I know, and you know, that such a view of O. U. is distorted and unfair . . .
Many of our recent problems are traceable to declining enrollments and consequent declines in fees and subsidy payments. The problems stemming from these quantitative facts are very real and serious, and I am fully cognizant of the nature and magnitude of these problems.
But, as I see it, at least in part, we seem to be entrapped in a vicious circle. Our real problems have contributed to an internal climate of fear and uncertainty, to selfish back- biting, to public displays of institutional fratricide, to seeking scapegoats, i. e., the media or legislators, and to self- serving claims of indispensability. Although clearly not the sole cause of declining enrollments ( other causes are demographic, economic, and cultural), I am convinced that this internal appearance of division is contributing significantly to an external view of Ohio University which further affects our enrollment adversely. And the decline in enrollment, in turn, reinforces and perpetuates the feeling of uncertainty and insecurity on the campus.
I am quite certain that no one has a sure- fire- scheme for breaking out of this circle of despair. But, as a suggestion, it is my belief that we need to reappraise our various roles as they relate to our collective raison d’etre that is to provide an environment conducive to quality educational opportunities for all who elect to come to Ohio University. I do believe that this reappraisal will, hopefully, lead to the realization that, internally, constructive suggestions and criticism as well as a cooperative effort are necessary. I 33 
believe that working hard and together on our problems is an essential first step toward improved understanding as well as support, externally.
Of course, we can and should point with pride to our present excellent academic programs and to the dedicated people on this campus and others associated with Ohio University; we can and must recognize those who are making significant contributions to the educational goals of Ohio University; and we can and must reinstitute a belief and trust in each other— a belief that we are all, in our own particular roles, working toward the mutually beneficial goal of a viable institution.
In this process of reappraisal, what can we say about our particular roles?
In recent years, we have heard, quite rightfully, much about individual rights and it is very essential to be ever vigilant concerning the preservation of these rights. It is my very deep concern for such rights that compels me to comment on the companion role of responsibilities. In an academic environment, free thought, free speech and the unintimidated interchange of ideas are clearly paramount. Tolerance and respect for the views of others are obviously essential to this environment.
But these rights for the overwhelming majority in an academic community can be seriously interfered with, if not eliminated, by the irresponsible behavior of a few. A free academic climate is precious and must be maintained. Any behavior on the part of a few which could damage this environment is indefensible.
And so I believe it is mandatory that we give some attention to the responsibilities of each constituency within the University in order that we better understand how to preserve the rights of all of us. Further, a recognition of our respective responsibilities will contribute to greater harmony within the University and to a better understanding externally.
Let me reiterate— I am deeply concerned with the preservation of a truly academic environment at Ohio University, and this means I am concerned with the rights of every member of this community. This very sincere concern requires some consideration of related responsibilities. Let me be specific:
Responsibility of Students.
Students come here to learn, to develop mentally, physically and emotionally, to construct a set of values. . . We are here to help in every way possible with this learning process.
But given our assistance, ultimately it is the responsibility of the student as to whether he or she remains here. As you know, we must admit all high school graduates. But once here, it is our determination as to which students remain. For those who do not measure up to our academic standards, it is a disservice to them and to us to keep them. Along with academic responsibility, it is the obligation of each student to live within the regulations established by the University.
Responsibility of Faculty Members.
As to the role of faculty, I can speak from the vantage point of 25 years of experience at Ohio University. I have served on innumerable committees and was Chairman of the Faculty Advisory Council during the transition to the present Faculty Senate. I am privy to faculty attitudes, epithets, and even some profanity vis- à- vis administrators.
From my experience in the classroom, I am convinced that the attitude of students toward academic matters is determined in large part by the attitude of the instructor. If the professor is enthusiastic about his discipline and truly interested in communicating to students, they will get the total message. If, on the other hand, the professor is perfunctory and cavalier in manner, a similar attitude will be assumed by students.
Therefore, I believe it is necessary that we reemphasize the importance of teaching undergraduate level courses. And it is important that we provide the best possible counseling service for all students. We need to reiterate the obvious fact that the principal obligation of the faculty member is to communicate with students. To do this well, it means, among other things, to:   34
1. Meet every scheduled class.
2. Honor posted office hours.
3. Advise and counsel students.
4. Carefully comply with final examination schedules and other department, college or university- wide regulations.
5. Demand quality work from students and to grade their work accordingly.
These are basic responsibilities of faculty members. They accompany basic rights. The individual faculty member must always enjoy maximum freedom consistent with the role of scholar and teacher. All I am suggesting is that self- discipline and responsible judgment on the part of each faculty member are reasonable expectations.
Responsibility of Classified Employees, Administrative Personnel and Staff.
All of the people in these categories are performing services which are supportive to the main educational purpose of the institution. This does not mean that the work of these people is unimportant; on the contrary, their services are absolutely essential to an effective total operation of the University.
However, as with students and faculty, all have basic responsibilities. The principal obligations of all employees are to work as efficiently as possible, to cooperate, and to treat co- workers, students, and others with respect.
Among my other duties, I intend to keep a watchful eye on the operation of all parts of the University, including these supportive segments. The economical utilization of resources is not a new concept to me. In this connection, for the time being, I am not so much interested in changes in organizational structure as I am in efficiency of operation.
And now my role and responsibilities as I perceive them for the coming academic year.
In part, the office of the president of the University is symbolic in nature. The person in the office is expected to participate in certain ceremonial functions, to be seen and occasionally to be heard. I will fulfill this role.
But beyond this, there are very important substantive obligations that are inherent to the office. The president must have an integrated overview of the total university; he must be able to evaluate the performance of each compartmentalized segment and assess its value to the whole; he must constantly weigh every decision in terms of its effect on the short as well as the long- term welfare of the institution; and throughout, he must exercise good judgment and common sense. In short, I assure you, the responsibilities of the office are awesome and very humbling.
In performing these duties and assuming these responsibilities, I intend to listen, discuss, consult, inform, and work with the various constituencies of the University. As I said earlier, there is a great need for each of us to perform effectively in given areas of specialization; to assume the responsibilities of a given position and to be accountable. In so doing, we will be better able to focus on our mutually desirable goal of a stable and strong institution. For my part, I believe that I have acquired a basic understanding of the responsibilities of the Presidency and also a sense of accountability. In this position, the fulfilling of my responsibilities will require certain decisions and, if I am accountable, I would be derelict if I failed to make those decisions. Of course, I am and will remain accountable to all of you as well as the Board of Trustees.
I will comment on my responsibilities, as I perceive them, in the context of some specific matters that are of concern to all of us.
Earlier I suggested that we have given the appearance of being consumed with the problem of quantities, i. e., student enrollments and related dollar amounts. Of course, we must be concerned with these matters, and for some of us these constitute a primary responsibility. For example, the enrollment this year will not be known for certain until the second week in October, at which time the exact figures will be announced. In addition to total numbers, the particular mix by student rank will be significant. We are 35 
hopeful that final registration totals will not be too far from the originally planned ( over a year ago) number of students. At that time, we will be able to determine whether any budget adjustments will be necessary for 1974- 75. This information will be shared with all as soon as it is available.
As to budget preparation for the next academic year, 1975- 76, I am suggesting a different procedure from last year. This procedure will include the creation of a Budget Advisory Council, consultation with various University constituencies, and, hopefully, lower key treatment throughout the process. More detail on this proposed procedure will be forthcoming early next week.
This year, I think we should make every effort to secure a larger pie for Ohio University instead of spending so much fruitless effort in dividing a pie which seems to get ever smaller. In this connection, and I am confident that I speak for the entire University community, I want to express wholehearted endorsement of the proposed budget for higher education for the next biennium which is being publicized by the Board of Regents today in Columbus. Last Monday I attended a meeting of the Inter- University Council and Chancellor Dolph Norton briefed us on the format as well as the dollar totals in the budget which he has presented to the Governor and, later, will present to the appropriate committees of the legislature. As you may know, for the next biennium, the proposed budget total is $ 1,333,000.000 in contrast to the total for the present biennium of $ 783,000,000, a 70 per cent increase.
This proposed budget request would obviously be of great benefit to higher education throughout the State and Ohio University would receive its fair share of such an increase. Many people at Ohio University have labored toward this end of increased state support for higher education. All should now express support for this defensible budget proposal of the Board of Regents. An official press release of endorsement is being distributed by our Office of Public Information, and we urge other groups and organizations to make similar endorsements.
I want to speak about my responsibility in another area that has been of considerable concern to all of us. I am referring to the belief that Ohio University has, unfortunately, failed to do a good job in projecting a true and positive view of the institution to various publics, both internally and externally. Last Spring a Committee charged with the preparation of a recruiting campaign for this year, initiated an idea that was recently approved unanimously by the Senior Administrators and by me only yesterday. In return for the University subsidy to The Post and the provision of space and machines for its operation, the Office of Public Information will publish one page ( occasionally two pages) of University information each week. This page will appear on Thursday as an integral, but clearly differentiated, part of The Post. The page will be available for announcements, promotion of forthcoming educational, cultural or general events, faculty projects and programs, and in- depth articles of interest to those in the University Community. This page will in no way be competitive with The Post in terms of news coverage, editorial policy, advertising, etc. Very simply, material on this page will be of importance to members of the University community but would normally not be considered as news by The Post.
This page will provide a much- needed internal medium, or house organ, for the timely dissemination of information. The total cost of this page will be borne by the University: most of the necessary funds will come from those formerly allocated to the Campus Communicator, which will be discontinued, and part from a saving in paper costs since the need for mountains of memos should be diminished.
Of my many responsibilities, the one that involves the furtherance and improvement of academic standards and programs is clearly the most significant. I spoke earlier of the need to reemphasize the importance of teaching and counseling undergraduate students. I believe we can do this without in any way detracting from our many excellent graduate programs.   36
I intend to provide every possible encouragement to our graduate level capability and research efforts. Also, I will work for changes in state law that will permit the reinstatement of a professional leave policy.
Further, I believe the position of president requires a high degree of candor and visibility from the person holding the office; I intend to meet this obligation. In this connection, I will hold press conferences but not in a regularized pattern. I will be available for interviews with representatives of the news media.
I do not intend to follow the open- line format on WOUB. Although this particular vehicle does not comport with my style, I will be pleased to participate in radio and TV programs.
The concept of openness is not synonymous with, or restricted to, a particular kind of programming or format. I intend to be available and accessible for individual, group, and organizational meetings. I want to see and talk with as many people as is humanly possible.
On still another front, I believe that my responsibility dictates real cooperation with the branch campuses, technical colleges, and other educational institutions throughout Appalachian Southeastern Ohio. I believe such cooperation will be mutually beneficial to those institutions and Ohio University. In addition, this willingness to work with others will enhance our relations with the Board of Regents and government officials in Columbus; and these relations will be of continuous concern to me.
Also, I want to support, encourage and welcome workshops, institutes, and conferences to our campus. Not only are such programs beneficial to the participants and to our people who are directly involved, but also they serve as an excellent vehicle for the recruitment of future students. Likewise, we should support university efforts in the area of continuing education.
Speaking of recruitment, we have already started to implement a comprehensive recruitment campaign. This effort is the result of a dedicated group devoting vast amounts of their time over the past few months. I urge cooperation by everyone in this endeavor.
Yes, I have many responsibilities and duties, and I will fulfill them to the best of my ability. My efforts, judgments and actions will emanate from a single and constant motivating element: to promote and further the best interests of Ohio University. I assure you that this administration will concentrate on that goal. And at all times I solicit your advice, assistance and cooperation in this endeavor.
In working toward this goal, it is my sincere belief that the best way to achieve external understanding and support is to do the best possible job that we, collectively, can do here at home. Our job is to provide quality educational services— let's get on with it.
* * *
At the Freshman Convocation on September 23, which opened with a performance by the Green Parks Group, and closed with a performance by the Marching Band, the President made these comments:
On behalf of all faculty, staff, and employees, I am very pleased to welcome you to Ohio University. I know you have heard this many times, but this is the first opportunity for me to offer personal greetings to you.
I want to thank the Green Parks Group for adding their talents to this meeting. We are very proud of the group. I commend them for their achievements and the recognition they have received throughout Ohio and the nation. They are making many people aware of the folklore and heritage of Southeastern Ohio.
Green Parks, and, in a few minutes, the Marching Band, provide outstanding examples of the activities, programs and events that will be available throughout the year. 37 
I am certain that you have already received stacks of information concerning all kinds of extra- curricular activities, residence living, etc.
So I will comment very briefly about our most important activity of all. I am referring, of course, to the academic opportunities at Ohio University. The learning process is continuous, and it does not begin and end with a college experience. But the process is given special meaning and emphasis at a university where all are engaged primarily in the open and free interchange of ideas.
We are proud of our excellent academic programs and wide variety of educational opportunities. Our faculty members are dedicated to teaching and learning in their respective areas of specialization. Also, we have many types of services and special assistance available to the student who encounters some academic difficulty. If, at any time, you are faced with an academic problem, I urge you to talk with a faculty member and to take advantage of these available services. Please do not hesitate - act early and wisely. And, if you decide you want, and can manage, more demanding academic work, there is ample opportunity in honors work and independent study. For those with very high qualifications, Ohio University has the Honors- Tutorial Program, based on the British programs at Oxford and Cambridge.
The principal obligation of faculty members, as well as others employed at Ohio University, is to provide an environment in which each of you will enjoy the maximum opportunity for individual growth and development. It is our responsibility to maintain an educational climate in which you will have considerable freedom and the opportunity to make many personal decisions, both academic and otherwise.
Although you will enjoy numerous privileges and rights, I want to remind you that you will have certain responsibilities also. I suspect that many of you are now thinking something to the effect that " here we go again; I have heard this a thousand times." But I am convinced that what I am about to say is valid, and does need to be repeated again and again. I am confident that you will receive benefits from your experience here in direct proportion to the expenditure of your own efforts. The greater your willingness to produce academically, the greater your personal reward.
I feel certain that most of you will measure up to our academic standards. We will expect you to meet other standards also. We expect mature behavior and adherence to our University regulations. As to whether you stay at Ohio University or not, each of you must decide, because the basic responsibility is yours.
Today a college education is not an absolute " must" for every person— some people, quite rightly, prefer non- academic endeavors. And this is as it should be. Obviously, there are those who do not feel compelled to seek some form of higher education.
But it is my opinion that the person who does have the desire for a college education, and who has the opportunity to acquire it, will never regret that great experience. In an individual way, each person is attempting to discover some understanding of life; perhaps each is seeking something we call " happiness." In any event, in this search, exposure to as many people and ideas as possible in a university environment seems to me to be the most helpful and gratifying way of achieving a set of values.
The following quote from John Masefield gives us a sense of the true significance of a university:
" There are few earthly things more beautiful than a University. It is a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see. . . They give young people that close companionship for which youth longs, and that chance of the endless discussion of themes which are endless - without which youth would seem a waste of time. There are few earthly things more splendid than a University. . . Wherever a University stands, it stands and shines; wherever it   38
exists, the free minds of men, urged on to full and fair inquiry, may still bring wisdom into human affairs."
You may be wondering why I seem so high on this place we call Ohio University? Because after 25 years as a member of the faculty here, I know what you are about to discover. The fact that I assumed the office of the President on September 1 provides me another vantage point from which to view the institution. So we all have a lot to learn this coming academic year— you in your first year here, and I in my first year as president.
I spoke earlier of your responsibilities: I, too, have many responsibilities. All of my efforts and judgments, and actions will be directed toward one goal: to promote and further the best interests of Ohio University. In working toward this goal, I ask for your cooperation as well as your suggestions as to ways in which we can make this a still better institution. If we hassle you unnecessarily, let me know. And if we do not hassle you enough in academic matters, please let me know that, too.
Finally, and once again, it is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to this campus, which now is also your campus. I am confident that we will have a productive, challenging and, yes, a happy year in 1974- 75.
And now to the final portion of this program— the Marching Band of Ohio University. As you will see and hear, this is truly an outstanding organization and the director, Mr. Ronald Socciarelli, is an outstanding director.
I am very pleased to introduce you to the best band in the land.
* * *
On October 30, a month after he had delivered his " State of the University" message, the President addressed the Ohio University Associates. Excerpts from his outline of intended remarks show conditions in respect to enrollment and budget and progress in implementing plans mentioned in his remarks of September 20:
Introductory Remarks
I. General remarks concerning the present status of the University:
Enrollment - Fall, 1974; budget for 1974- 75; will not go through the process of re- budgeting, but will have a tight year.
Scrutiny policy.
Future - enrollment - between 13,000 and 14,000.
Budget for 1975- 76 - changed process. Board of Regents budget proposal. Budget Advisory Council - no open- budget hearing.
Recruiting program - a coordinated effort - staff, faculty, students, alumni - mention my own involvement. Also, increased emphasis on special programs - appointment of John O'Neal as Coordinator of Special Programs. Designed to utilize our facilities and resources; to bring people to the campus and the community; and thus an additional recruiting vehicle.
In addition, I am stressing cooperation with other educational institutions in Southeastern Ohio - Branch campuses, technical colleges, 4 year institutions.
II. Emphasis on: Undergraduate teaching and counseling— requesting that faculty make this their primary responsibility. Good performance by faculty members is essential to our reason for existence - this, in turn, will contribute to a healthy learning attitude on the part of students. With good teaching, counseling, and the availability of special assistance ( remedial courses, tutorial help, computer assisted instruction) the responsibility for student success rests with the individual student. 39 
Allied to the above - a continued appraisal of grading policies, requirements for degree programs and graduation, course offerings, graduate programs, research efforts, management policies, etc.
III. Other Items.
Residential program - occupancy this Fall - 5,540; 57.6%; males and 42.4% females. Freshman program - visitation regulations; quiet hours; program coordinator.
Labor relations - negotiations with Local # 1699. Faculty activity. Student workers ( now have a Coordinator for Student Employment). The Post - and the Pillar.
IV. Personal Activities:
Regular meetings - Senior Administrators; Deans; Faculty Senate and Executive Committee; Administrative Senate and its Executive Committee; Graduate Student Council; Student Governing Board; Classified employees; Monthly reviews; Appointments with individuals and groups— i. e., yesterday I received a check for $ 4,500 from the Kodak Company ( for six O. U. graduates who have worked for the company for five years); today, a scholarship from Western Electric. Last week met with Coaches and students of our Forensics Team; visited all of the Branch campuses; met with a number of Alumni groups; visiting our cafeterias; helped start the fraternity leap frog effort to raise money for muscular dystrophy; with Mayor Barrett, dedicated the City- University bike path, and opened the bike- a- thon for the cancer campaign.
* * *
Approximately a month later the President addressed the faculty and staff in more specific terms. This is his November 21 " Statement":
It was my intention to make this statement earlier, but I could not responsibly make it until I was completely cognizant of our present circumstances. At no time have I had any doubts about my own educational philosoph