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Disquisition by Scripps, E.W., Pinchot's coming : what can I contribute to make his visit of value?, August 28, 1909

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Ohio University Libraries, E.W. Scripps Papers, MSS 117, Series 4, http://media.library.ohiou.edu/scripps
,/ ,
Vinaur, Calif., August 28 J 1909.
PINCHOTtS COMINC'r---WHAT CAN I CONTRIBUTE TO lWGi! IllS VISIT OF VALUn
There are certain trees, eucalypts and pines, that DQ'" u:perience
has taught me can grow and thrift in this ali_te, mtwithstandiug
our light rainfall ,---and grow at such a. rate that forest, of hard and
soft ""00 d can l)e propagated in this country more rapidly eVf?n than they
can inrithe eastern states. Amongst the eucalypts there are those
which have proved them~elves to be perfectly hardy against B~a.aOnal
droutha and evon aGainst long p~riods of years of comparative droutha.
These varieties art~ ruso capahle of being produced as seoolings and of
being set out in wild lEL.'1ds at an expense of not more than $5 to $15 per
acre.
The varietie s that I imow ore the sugar gum. and the limoni
and tho iron bark; I also believe that the oitriodora is not l'ess hardy.
al though it mu:r be more oxpensi va to secure a good plantation, --so far 8.IJ
our expc riencc is concerned, at least, it seems lIlOrf3 difficult to get
the Y01lrlf\ plants started after they have been set out in the fields.
Of -the pines there is what is called here tho Jerusalem pine
(per.i:laps muric8.ti), the Torrey pine, which on account of its tap root·
haa so far proved diffi cuI t toj'get started, and the Col ton pine (the
bu.ll pine of the l1lou.ntains). The latter does well hore. Bu-1:. of all
the pinnB e:xperimentf'!d with here none of thorn has boon found so ean:r to
'jet> started as the eucalypts. I know of no pines that ha"v8 been suc-censfully
st/lried withQut bei~ '.vatered tho first :rear. Tile cedrus deodorahuvo
proved ver:! r.ard.y indeed..
However, for the foOthill.s and for cl':e~p etartins it seems that,
for this section at least, the Bugar gum and the Lehmnnii are the two
speciee Q1' which there can be no doubt \Yha.tever of an economioal fore ...
i!tt;t'on .. ~~'fW: land. The Lehmanii makes conniderable wood" ~a

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Title	Disquisition by Scripps, E.W., Pinchot's coming : what can I contribute to make his visit of value ?, August 28, 1909
Collection	E. W. Scripps Papers, 1868-1926
Creator/Author	Scripps, E. W. (Edward Willis), 1854-1926
Date Original	1909-08-28
Subject-People	Pinchot, Gifford, 1865-1946
Subject-LCSH	Tree planting Forests and forestry Bonds
Is Part Of	E. W. Scripps Papers, Series 4, Box 01, Vol 02 E. W. Scripps' Writings 1909, Book 2
Collection finding aid	http://www.library.ohiou.edu/archives/mss/mss117.html
Call Number	mss117/ser4/box01/book02/274-283
Original Format-AAT	Essays
Publisher	Ohio University Libraries. Mahn Center for Archives and Special Collections
Type	Text
Format [IMT]	Application/pdf
Physical dimensions	10 p.; 11 x 8.5
Identifier	ser4_box01_vol02_274-283_pinchots_coming.pdf
Donor	Scripps, Charles E. (Charles Edward), 1920-
Rights Information	In the public domain. Unpublished works are under copyright for the life of the author + 70 years
Citation	E.W. Scripps Papers, Mahn Center for Archives & Special Collections, Ohio University Libraries
Transcript	Ohio University Libraries, E.W. Scripps Papers, MSS 117, Series 4, http://media.library.ohiou.edu/scripps ,/ , Vinaur, Calif., August 28 J 1909. PINCHOTtS COMINC'r---WHAT CAN I CONTRIBUTE TO lWGi! IllS VISIT OF VALUn There are certain trees, eucalypts and pines, that DQ'" u:perience has taught me can grow and thrift in this ali_te, mtwithstandiug our light rainfall ,---and grow at such a. rate that forest, of hard and soft "00 d can l)e propagated in this country more rapidly eVf?n than they can inrithe eastern states. Amongst the eucalypts there are those which have proved them~elves to be perfectly hardy against B~a.aOnal droutha and evon aGainst long p~riods of years of comparative droutha. These varieties art~ ruso capahle of being produced as seoolings and of being set out in wild lEL.'1ds at an expense of not more than $5 to $15 per acre. The varietie s that I imow ore the sugar gum. and the limoni and tho iron bark; I also believe that the oitriodora is not l'ess hardy. al though it mu:r be more oxpensi va to secure a good plantation, --so far 8.IJ our expc riencc is concerned, at least, it seems lIlOrf3 difficult to get the Y01lrlf\ plants started after they have been set out in the fields. Of -the pines there is what is called here tho Jerusalem pine (per.i:laps muric8.ti), the Torrey pine, which on account of its tap root· haa so far proved diffi cuI t toj'get started, and the Col ton pine (the bu.ll pine of the l1lou.ntains). The latter does well hore. Bu-1:. of all the pinnB e:xperimentf'!d with here none of thorn has boon found so ean:r to 'jet> started as the eucalypts. I know of no pines that ha"v8 been suc-censfully st/lried withQut bei~ '.vatered tho first :rear. Tile cedrus deodorahuvo proved ver:! r.ard.y indeed.. However, for the foOthill.s and for cl':e~p etartins it seems that, for this section at least, the Bugar gum and the Lehmnnii are the two speciee Q1' which there can be no doubt \Yha.tever of an economioal fore... i!tt;t'on.. ~~'fW: land. The Lehmanii makes conniderable wood" ~a greater bulk or weight of wood than many of the other eucalypts, but OWiog to the character of its growth. it does not ma..1ce lumber 1 a.t least not until it is quite old. 'l1le sugar gum is 8. self-seeding tree---that is to say its Beed fallon the ground, take root and aend up young trees. From what lit-tle I have Been of the self-seeding qualities of the ~ar gum it appeaxa to me that if this country were once wooded i7ith this variety and the forests deferiled from fires they would perpetuate themselves. The em..rponse of producing seedlings of the 8Uf:.'"8.r gum is very small indeed---perhaps not one-fourth of a cent per tree 1 fit to set out and including boring. Except in rich soil and moist valleya I have scen no blue gums flourishing in this section; wherever the blue gun has been eet out, on the mesa or in the foot hill., it has only kept alive for a. few ~;-et.U"'B a.nd h~s grown but little in that time, a..'1d where large qua.'ltities have been set out in groves closs together no timber trees have been produced., nor does it appear tha.t there is 1 ike1y to be all'} timber trees produced in. any period. of time. I have tried only during the past two seasons to set out eucalypts on uncleared ground and amidst the native brush. I believe that this experiment has so far been unsatisfactory. I think the great mortality of the young tre.. is caused by rabbits maJdng use of the grol.md in:mediately arouml the young trees &B a. run way or play-ground and that th6 presence of the young tree has attracted the rabbits' attention, and perhaps for play more than anything el se ClaI1y of the young trees have been eaten off. I have suggested to DJlJ foreman that when trees are set out in this way some of the brush in the inmediate neighborhood should be broken off and laid over the yoUI'lg tree and the broken grQund around it, thus barring the rabbits off their favorite playground and making itim- 2 ,_,_ (t").,.i Pinchot's Visit--3. possible for them to gnaw the tree down. As to time of planting writers on this ~lbject have advised la.te planting, --this for the purpose of avoiding the froste. In this !'.\eetion, e specially on the mesa.s and hills, there are no frosts to be avoided and we have by· fa.r the beat success by planti!1{;j trees immediate... ly afts!" the first winter's rain that is sufficient ·to moisten the gromd two or three inches deep. I was afraid of this kind of planting :"inca experience ;vi th Grain growing had taught P.l6 that if it were plant.... ed with the early rains and then if there should be a lone; drouth of several ,'leeks the ground would dry out and the grain die mm before more rains ca"!le. It ".'1Ould appear, however I that the yOLiIlg eucalyptus will stand a. loeger strain of this kind, perhaps on account of there being more sap o.nd moisture in the tree itself, end perhaps also the shocic of transplanting makes the young tree so tory)id that it.s demands for water J and hence suffering on account of the lack of it l are not so greCi.t as that of gr'Ol.in. Then too as the days are comparative ly short and the weather cO!;'!Parati vely cool the young trees do not suffor so much. Everjthiy¥'; else bein'5 equal. the mortality amongst young trees i8 in proportion to the leI\,c;th of time they are in the ground before the following ~ea8ona1 drout;h. and hot weather sets in. We planted many trees "men the ground 'las in excellent cornii tion) as. far as moisture went, lat.e in the seaSon when the warm w6&ther help&d to get the trees started, 'but so far we have had no sucoess. '!he watering of yomrg trees in this part of the country 1 for the first year, would not be excessively.expensive..Almost anywhere in the county, providing the land is cleared, the necessary watering could be done. for perhaps $5.00 per acre for one season, and this is all that would be needed. It B6ems to me that elearing and plowing before planting would 276 Pinchot I B Vioii:,--~. be so expensive as to mora than double and perhaps treble the cost of forestation. Ordinary mesa and foothill lands can be clearecl suffi-ciently for planting and so as to permit v1ll.tering at an expense of from one to four dollars per acre. Perhaps all the clearitjlg that would be necessary for this would be the usual method of drawo:ing a railroad steel rail} w'ith four horses, over the brush. This would flnke it easy enouf:", to haul Vlater over the ,-Sround ~md and discover and -,rater the trees. The ordinary c.nrater tank shodd be used a.nd two or three liiaterine;B of five gallons per tree per season would be abunda':lt. I doubt not that 757; of all trees planted in thl S Nay wlcl l;Jutered in this uam:er would grow. Y:y foreman thimks that not over 350 tJrees psr acre sholllcl be IJlanted and t>,at not over one-foUl"th of this number cov.ld grOVI to mut:lrit:/ on an acre of land; there is certaidy a vast difference in the cal) [l.C i ty of different kinds of land to hold trees. Valley lands may hold trees Growing 6 or 8 feet apart that will "thrive. I believe, h(r?Iever, tilat I do not kno'Jl of aJ,lY plantation of red GUm on lis..'VJ.tJ soils thil.t have grown for [);ny considerable leru.>;th of time. I have seen at ::lY place a:,,'ld at others oth9r varieties of eucalypts that have suffered b} bei',n.g too thick ly planted. There are large sections in thi s part of the country tha:t, are clear of bmsh, or practically clear, perhal)S on uccount. of fires, that could be forested economically. The deep vall eye and the narrow can:rons, on t-;'~e bottons and sides of which the soU is undoubtedly best for tree gro'[lin.c~), are generally covered ~d th a nati YO growth of lilac, SCrol) oak and other shrubs t.hat are so denae as to be impenetrable and whic'h lDIDIl is very difficult to.clear. Such land mightr cost. $10 to $15 per a.cre to clear. I will gi va esti.m, a,tss for foresting certain kinds of land: Pinahotts Visit--5. 1. On land that has been previously cleared by settlers or by fire the co!''t-of planting and rai.si~ trees, allowing for two re-plantings, ~--- woUld not exceed $15 per acre; where water is a.coessible wa.terlng sueh lands as theBe would not C~8t $5 per acre for one year 1 and two years 'Hill perhaps be enough.. Of course no tree needs watering for more than one year--the second year's watering would be for the replanting. Perhaps with such w·a.tering a. full stand could be got in two years, and hence tho total. cost of T'eforesti~ these lands would not be over $15 per acre. But where there is no 'ivater, if care is used in plantingp and i f b~T '!ood luck we have early rains, that is to say J rains before.... -~,) December, for three years, a thorough job of foresting could be done in three: years without wa.ter. I. Ordinary light brush lands and light Boil on the mesas and foot hille could be sufficiently cleared at an average cost of not to exceed. $I per acre; such lands then ,,(ould cost, perhaps, $18 per acre to get started ~~th a forest. Allowing for Bome laxity and extravagance, such lands :might cost $20 per acre. Any ordinarily intelligent laborer could produoe forests on this kind of land for $25 per acre. 3. The ordinary light BOil and light brush me8~ and foothill s can be thoTOUf)1ly cleared fit for plowing at an average cost of not over $5 per acre. If this land is broken one year durinr;j the rainy sea.son and not harrowed and planted until the next J the plowing and haITOlling would cost about $6 per acre. Thi s cost added to that stated in paragraph I would indicate the acre coat of such foresting. And doubtless the fact that the land had. been plowed would greatly improve the ohanoos o"f the :roUIle~ trees 'When the planting was done. It would be unwise, if not impossible, to plow the land. the same year it was planted 7 because it would take so much of the s6uon to plow that the planting could not begun until too late in the season. 278 · , , Pinahot' B Vi,s i t--6. ' 4. All the land in any of the brushy seotions, except on the steep hillsides, where the lilac, scrub oak and other strong brush grows, anywhere in the county could be cleaI'6d for a cost not to exceed $10 per acre. All of this land could be plowed and harrowed in excellent shape for a. cost not to exceed $10 an acre more. Caroful plantirus of such land as this would not cost, for the first year and the re-planting, a total of $12 per acre. The watering pI the young plants for two yoars, if 1a168 bodies of land were ha"Yldled, would not cost $10 per acre. I speak of large bodies of land since it would be nOCO~!Bary to pipe and perhaps pump wa.ter onto the land and distribute it in wagons; but as the pipe and !nlmpin,~ plant would be only tOClpO rarily used and could thus be carried from one section to another the acre cost of such a plant would be reduced. to a.n insignifica.."1t sumJ no matt.er how large it was. The total acre cost then of this character of forestation would amount to: Clearing $10 CQl ti vating $10 Planti!l(s $10 h-ri.9.:atinr!.• :> C) ~)lO TIle lowest acro cost above givin,~ is i~15; the hL;hest is $t.tD. It mi~I,ht be practicable, and I believe it would be practicable, to forest Etll thR land below frost level in San Diego County at an (J)JG.f(J;38 cost of not over $25 per acre. The cO'TIf:lercial value 0::: these 1:md:3 ~gould perhaps no~ avenll~e $1 per acre; the hi'.:;he;:rt cOl~r'lr:rci81 vetIl):::; vlOuld not be over $5 per acre. Then, includinr:r, the cost of lund,~~, you.ry; '~orest would cost $45 per acre. ~ From such evidence as we hn.ve-:;ot of the (r,rowth of filir?lI ~9IDl, neglected or allowed to grow wild a.s forest trees 'J10uld, it indicates \.' Pinchot's Visit.. -7.: that the average size of 20 year old trees would not be greater than eight inches in diameter at the stump. Few of such trees as I know reach a foot in dianeter. For lumber purposes BUcha. fore at would, perhaps) have to be forty years old. In the meantime, of courae, a large quantity of IOOrs or les8 serviceable wood would be culled from the forest, more than enou~, perhaps, in value to cover the cost of maintenance and administration of meh a forest during its forty yean. h:n JmA Me'll§ So Pernaps the cost per million acres might be estimated a.t ,25 per acre, or twenty... five millions of dollars •. The Government' 8 re'lJ'eme, end the inertia of the Government itself I makes it impractica.ble to look for any regular goverrnnentappropriation for this purpose of forestation on a la.rge scale such as would be necesr·ary to carrJ on the work of forestation allover the COtUltry • It is clearly hopeless to expect to Government to make a large appro-priation for a larr;e experiment in anyone section. Our Gove:rnment reclamation service was only r:tad.e possible by appropriating the receipts from the sale of certain Government lands to this purpose of reolrona- '~---Tt WOuld be n~ceBsary to raise a very large fund indeed, more in faot than the billion dollars stipulated at the recent convention in Sea.ttle. '1bia \'lOuld be my scheme for raising this fund: At, the present time there is a. great pop.ll.ar demand for postal savings banks; this demand is already being recognized by the stateanen and political parties of the c~try. The question would arlee: Wha.t practical use could the G<J venxnent, as banker, make of the poople' 8 det. posits with it? The naney could not be allowed to lie idle--th811 the b ao"ernnent would lose the interest. There would be a popular a.v~rsion ~ 80., , PinChotts Visit--8. ! too to putting in the hands of congressmen the control and use of an enormous bank deposit1. The people would fear that the tempta.tion offend to congressmen and poli tieiana to embark in all sone of extravagance and corruption in the UBe of the money would be to{l grea.t. These postal bank deposits would aotually be Govemnent debtJs too. My scheme would be to have the Government postal banks pay 2}6 interest on such deposits and that these deposits would be subject to wi thdrawa.l under the same limitations as those provided by ordinary 8&V-ings banks. But it would be well for the Government to offer a. pre-mium or a special inducement to the people to make savings. I would therefore offer this inducement in· the form of penni tting ever] Government deposi tor to at any time exchan{~e hi 8 deposit l or bank bookJ for a Government B% bond of forty years dura.tion. Parenthetically I would sa:]' that I would permit depositars to sell or transfer their certificates to capi te.lists /1ho could exchange the same for large bulks of Government bonds. These certificates ;;rould autm;latically bocome worth !:lore thf'..l1. their faco value and depositors would enjoy not only their interest but premiums on their certificates, as Governruent bonds acquired in this 'way would have from two to two and one-half times the ii.1terest of ordina.ry Govc,rnment bonds. By the act creating the postal zavings bank system provision sllOuldbe made that all of the money represented by bonds actually issued and a safe proportion of the ordinary deposits should be devoted to the ,'lork Qf forestation. In the begtnning there w'ould be some cost to the Goverr.r.nent in meeting the inte re at charges on a.ccount of the ciepa si t s in the pontal banks; perhaps a.t the end of ten :rears thi? incidental product of the forests would begin and by tvrent:r years J at least, such returns mi.@1t be sufficient to pay interest and admini strati on charges. 281 PinQhot's Visit--9. In conBid~ the subject of forest growing two things Btalld out most prominently; one is that the most productive and profitable crop that can be raised frcm the soil is that of treea--... the great national forests of Europe and of !l1any large landed estates in Great Brit- &in, France and Genna."'lY I)rove this beyond doubt. Especially in England has it hec::1 der.lcnstrated that la..'1ds vrhich \'rill only brinS a rental of two shillings 1 or 50 cents 7 per 13n.~um for grazing pur-poses yield from $5 to $15 per acre l)sr annum in fore~tB. '11he secor..d prominent, feature in this proposition is th8.1, not. less than forty :rears is required to raire a rroHta1)le crop of trees EiJl.d the nost profi ta.ble crol)S are produced where the t,rsss are allowed t,O steJ1d from si:x:t~; to ninet1r ,rears. _.J.J It is just thif'. la.tter condition that makes forestry an impracticable occupation or business for individuals. It takes G.e.n erally l'lOre than a· lifetime, or the a.verage lifotiY:l6, to raise one crop. FrOl'l the time when a man is leq;ally of age and in control of his ovm propert,/, narJ.lely at twenty-one, he cannot expect 1:.0 live long enoug..h after planting his crop of trees to rea.l) the harvest from it. Only very weal thy men, mem.- bers of continuinc; fePJiliec ~,vherG the law of entail prf:vaile, can give consideration even to 'Vne Rt.:tj ect. of ~.:lakip~cr; the r.10 3t profitable use of their 18m1.s. };nen in t.~1C case of '~reat. corporr.,tione the m.(ina~ers ]-~8V8 such f,;reat :pressure hrouf91t to bea.r npon them to etta.in 1:rTQecl:i.ate anel lan::;e dividends that, ,-,lith ra.re exceptions can tb;)::r be induced to :iml~21ze In fact forAstation--the Clost rrofitahle "<.H',e of land-- Only ~t.a.tes, in Amede[:., or the national p;OVeI'.""!.lent cnn be depended ~o:"lrrr t.~) 'mdort.ake this r,or,t, profit,a'-ble hUf>inesr;. 'o:hese postal h~,nk bonds matnrirr:: at forty yoa.rs ';TOd(~ l)rohabl&', cO;1d.,~('rinr the avera.:38 t.imf3 fro!'l t'!1e beginnin:~ of th(~ deposit 2R~) J.. J<;;' until it?., +"r ena'!lUt a t"I on I"nt 0 a b ond., 'n ave a 1 ife 0 f f rom ir! 5 t 0 50 years.. \ "- Pinchot' s Vi8it~=lo. The Government, making use of these funds thon fOT forestry purposes, would by or before maturity of the bonde have from the sale of the Government 's timber funds with which to retire the bonds as they matured. One advantage of the system would be that the grOV{th of the funds of forestation would be very slow so tha,t the Government and its agents 'ilould be aC1.luirins experience at smaJ.l outlay in the beginning yeDXs a..'1d by the ti~ne the flmd became lare;e enough to rilake groat investments necessarj the or,-;ani ~6,tion w01.:u.d become perfect Iill.d. experience very la.rge indeed. Poli tiCfJ.J.y this scheme '.liQuId }~eem to be 110S"::' popular J since the peoIlle' 8 money Yl"Ould be used for the purpose of developing the ;:eoplo f s estate. The w!"1.cle scheme ',JouId be 8, step in the. dirAction of socie.lisrn be:lond 011 doubt; but the people of the United ::ltates have sho\'m their feelings in the matter by their alr'10:'lY unanimous acceptance of the idea of CO!lf3e rvati on as adlJaneed b:ir Roosevelt and aD taught b]· Pinchot and ot.hers. By this postal savings system. the GOV€Tl1Ylent could colI ect all the funds that would he neC8f-lae.Y'"'j for forfJstation , and tha,t too wiUlOut; except for a small wnonnt. and for a brief period of tiIi1e I ever havinc~ to levy an~T ta:x:eson the I}eoole l:.b.emselves. _ _.,l..... • 'l}18 most thD.t. wculd he required of "chi' Goveffi'l1ent vlOuld. be to ad.'ni Tl.i [;te1" 8, large capi tal. 80 enormous are the perfectly F·.:)In~rent. proi'its of t,,'rle enterprise thE:t, even the f-r,J:'oatest. laxit:r on the Fr·l :, of the r'TOvernIilent end even ill1 enOI'!;lOu.S anonnt. of corruption co;:;lcl. be enrivred Dictated bv ]i~. W. Mirama.r C8.1i f..hgt.! st ~, 1909...- \ -'.'. • ,.J • 283

Title	Page 1
Collection finding aid	http://www.library.ohiou.edu/archives/mss/mss117.html
Transcript	Ohio University Libraries, E.W. Scripps Papers, MSS 117, Series 4, http://media.library.ohiou.edu/scripps ,/ , Vinaur, Calif., August 28 J 1909. PINCHOTtS COMINC'r---WHAT CAN I CONTRIBUTE TO lWGi! IllS VISIT OF VALUn There are certain trees, eucalypts and pines, that DQ'" u:perience has taught me can grow and thrift in this ali_te, mtwithstandiug our light rainfall ,---and grow at such a. rate that forest, of hard and soft "00 d can l)e propagated in this country more rapidly eVf?n than they can inrithe eastern states. Amongst the eucalypts there are those which have proved them~elves to be perfectly hardy against B~a.aOnal droutha and evon aGainst long p~riods of years of comparative droutha. These varieties art~ ruso capahle of being produced as seoolings and of being set out in wild lEL.'1ds at an expense of not more than $5 to $15 per acre. The varietie s that I imow ore the sugar gum. and the limoni and tho iron bark; I also believe that the oitriodora is not l'ess hardy. al though it mu:r be more oxpensi va to secure a good plantation, --so far 8.IJ our expc riencc is concerned, at least, it seems lIlOrf3 difficult to get the Y01lrlf\ plants started after they have been set out in the fields. Of -the pines there is what is called here tho Jerusalem pine (per.i:laps muric8.ti), the Torrey pine, which on account of its tap root· haa so far proved diffi cuI t toj'get started, and the Col ton pine (the bu.ll pine of the l1lou.ntains). The latter does well hore. Bu-1:. of all the pinnB e:xperimentf'!d with here none of thorn has boon found so ean:r to 'jet> started as the eucalypts. I know of no pines that ha"v8 been suc-censfully st/lried withQut bei~ '.vatered tho first :rear. Tile cedrus deodorahuvo proved ver:! r.ard.y indeed.. However, for the foOthill.s and for cl':e~p etartins it seems that, for this section at least, the Bugar gum and the Lehmnnii are the two speciee Q1' which there can be no doubt \Yha.tever of an economioal fore... i!tt;t'on.. ~~'fW: land. The Lehmanii makes conniderable wood" ~a

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